Publicou 6 edições por ano
ISSN Imprimir: 2150-766X
ISSN On-line: 2150-7678
Indexed in
ADN: A new high performance oxidizer for solid propellants
RESUMO
Ammonium dinitramide, or ADN (NH4N(NO2)2), is a new and promising oxidizer with high impulse and high burning rate. It is a potential replacement for ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4 or AP). Since ADN does not contain chlorine, a composite rocket propellant containing ADN and a polymer binder will produce minimal smoke, and will be more environmentally friendly compared to propellants based on AP. There are, however, some drawbacks: ADN is relatively shock sensitive, it is also sensitive to light and moisture. Moreover, ADN has until now been very expensive to produce. This paper presents a study of the sensitivity, thermal stability, and some spectroscopic properties of ADN. The paper also presents a comparison of the impulse of composite propellants based on ADN and oxidizers such as AN, AP, CL-20 and HNF, with HTPB as a binder. The ADN used in this work was synthesized at the National Defence Research Establishment (FOA), by a new and much less expensive method. The friction sensitivity of ADN is much lower than that of RDX. The impact sensitivity of ADN is of the same magnitude as that of RDX but varies a great deal with the shape of the particles, e.g. prilled ADN is nearly twice as insensitive as RDX. The reaction of ADN is also less violent. The ignition temperature was determined to be 160°C (by Wood's metal bath). The thermal stability, measured with microcalorimetry, shows that ADN is stable to at least 80°C and that impurities cause decreased thermal stability. The activation energy (Ea = 158 kJ/mole) and frequency factor (K0 = 6.0·1015 s−1) was determined from DSC data using the ASTM method E 698-79. It was also found that ADN in aqueous solution is sensitive to light.
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