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Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

Publicou 6 edições por ano

ISSN Imprimir: 1040-8401

ISSN On-line: 2162-6472

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.3 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.6 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00079 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.24 SJR: 0.429 SNIP: 0.287 CiteScore™:: 2.7 H-Index: 81

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IL-21 Is an Immune Activator That also Mediates Suppression via IL-10

Volume 30, Edição 6, 2010, pp. 559-570
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v30.i6.50
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RESUMO

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic type I cytokine that is produced predominantly by CD4+ T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. Although IL-21 production is relatively restricted to these two populations of immune cells, its targets are numerous, including multiple lympho-hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic lineages. The effects of IL-21 are specific not only to the target cell type, but also depend on the developmental stage of the target cell as well as the available co-stimulatory signals. Accordingly, IL-21 functions not only as a strong inducer of differentiation and proliferation but also as a pro-apoptotic factor. Although most of the effects of IL-21 are immunostimulatory, it has become clear that one of the cytokines that is potently induced by IL-21 in a number of lymphoid lineages is interleukin-10 (IL-10), one of the most immunosuppressive cytokines. The seemingly contradictory actions of IL-21 and IL-10 and the consequences of their co-expression are currently being explored in numerous infectious models, autoimmune diseases, and tumor responses. This review seeks to critically evaluate the evidence concerning the regulation of IL-10 by IL-21 in a number of lineage subsets as well as to discuss the potential positive versus deleterious roles that this co-expression may play in a range of disease models.

Palavras-chave: IL-21, IL-10, autoimmunity, Tr1 cell, EAE, SLE
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