Inscrição na biblioteca: Guest
Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering

Publicou 6 edições por ano

ISSN Imprimir: 0278-940X

ISSN On-line: 1943-619X

SJR: 0.262 SNIP: 0.372 CiteScore™:: 2.2 H-Index: 56

Indexed in

Mechanosensing and Mechanochemical Transduction: How Is Mechanical Energy Sensed and Converted Into Chemical Energy in an Extracellular Matrix?

Volume 31, Edição 4, 2003, 78 pages
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v31.i4.10
Get accessGet access

RESUMO

Gravity plays a central role in vertebrate development and evolution. Gravitational forces acting on mammalian tissues cause the net muscle forces required for locomotion to be higher on earth than on a body subjected to a microgravitational field. As body mass increases during development, the musculoskeleton must be able to adapt by increasing the size of its functional units. Thus mechanical forces required to do the work (mechanical energy) of locomotion must be sensed by cells and converted into chemical energy (synthesis of new tissue).
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are multicomponent tissues that transduce internal and external mechanical signals into changes in tissue structure and function through a process termed mechanochemical transduction. Under the influence of an external gravitational field, both mineralized and unmineralized vertebrate tissues exhibit internal tensile forces that serve to preserve a synthetic phenotype in the resident cell population. Application of additional external forces alters the balance between the external gravitational force and internal forces acting on resident cells leading to changes in the expression of genes and production of protein that ultimately may alter the exact structure and function of the extracellular matrix. Changes in the equilibrium between internal and external forces acting on ECMs and changes in mechanochemical transduction processes at the cellular level appear to be important mechanisms by which mammals adjust their needs to store, transmit, and dissipate energy that is required during development and for bodily movements.
Mechanosensing is postulated to involve many different cellular and extracellular components. Mechanical forces cause direct stretching of protein-cell surface integrin binding sites that occur on all eukaryotic cells. Stress-induced conformational changes in the extracellular matrix may alter integrin structure and lead to activation of several secondary messenger pathways within the cell. Activation of these pathways leads to altered regulation of genes that synthesize and catabolize extracellular matrix proteins as well as to alterations in cell division. Another aspect by which mechanal signals are transduced involves deformation of gap junctions containing calcium-sensitive stretch receptors. Once activated, these channels trigger secondary messenger activation through pathways similar to those involved in integrin-dependent activation and allow cell-to-cell communications between cells with similar and different phenotypes. Another process by which mechanochemical transduction occurs is through the activation of ion channels in the cell membrane. Mechanical forces have been shown to alter cell membrane ion channel permeability associated with Ca+2 and other ion fluxes. In addition, the application of mechanical forces to cells leads to the activation of growth factor and hormone receptors even in the absence of ligand binding. These are some of the mechanisms that have evolved in vertebrates by which cells respond to changes in external forces that lead to changes in tissue structure and function.

CITADO POR
  1. Morykwas Michael J., Simpson Jordan, Punger Kally, Argenta Anne, Kremers Lieveke, Argenta Joseph, Vacuum-Assisted Closure: State of Basic Research and Physiologic Foundation, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 117, SUPPLEMENT, 2006. Crossref

  2. Gunja Najmuddin J., Huey Dan J., James Regis A., Athanasiou Kyriacos A., Effects of agarose mould compliance and surface roughness on self-assembled meniscus-shaped constructs, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 3, 7, 2009. Crossref

  3. Metcalfe Anthony D., Willis Hayley, Beare Alice, Ferguson Mark W. J., Characterizing regeneration in the vertebrate ear, Journal of Anatomy, 209, 4, 2006. Crossref

  4. Globus Ruth K., Extracellular Matrix and Integrin Interactions in the Skeletal Responses to Mechanical Loading and Unloading, Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 5, 4, 2007. Crossref

  5. Lelièvre Sophie A., Bissell Mina J., Three Dimensional Cell Culture: The Importance of Microenvironment in Regulation of Function, in Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, 2006. Crossref

  6. Krubitzer Leah, In Search of a Unifying Theory of Complex Brain Evolution, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156, 1, 2009. Crossref

  7. Preiss-Bloom Orahn, Mizrahi Joseph, Elisseeff Jennifer, Seliktar Dror, Real-time Monitoring of Force Response Measured in Mechanically Stimulated Tissue-Engineered Cartilage, Artificial Organs, 33, 4, 2009. Crossref

  8. Vogel Viola, Sheetz Michael P., Mechanical Forces Matter in Health and Disease: From Cancer to Tissue Engineering, in Nanotechnology, 2010. Crossref

  9. Borgquist Ola, Gustafsson Lotta, Ingemansson Richard, Malmsjö Malin, Micro- and Macromechanical Effects on the Wound Bed of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Using Gauze and Foam, Annals of Plastic Surgery, 64, 6, 2010. Crossref

  10. Vogel Viola, Sheetz Michael, Local force and geometry sensing regulate cell functions, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 7, 4, 2006. Crossref

  11. Melrose James, Whitelock John M., Extracellular Matrix, in Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. Crossref

  12. Sénégas Jacques, Lumbar dynamic stabilization with the Wallis implant, ArgoSpine News & Journal, 21, 2, 2009. Crossref

  13. Hou Xu, Han Quan-Hong, Hu Dan, Tian Lei, Guo Chang-Mei, Du Hong-Jun, Zhang Peng, Wang Yu-Sheng, Hui Yan-Nian, Mechanical force enhances MMP-2 activation via p38 signaling pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 247, 11, 2009. Crossref

  14. Girard Philippe P., Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta A., Kemkemer Ralf, Spatz Joachim P., Cellular chemomechanics at interfaces: sensing, integration and response, Soft Matter, 3, 3, 2007. Crossref

  15. Bao Gang, Kamm Roger D., Thomas Wendy, Hwang Wonmuk, Fletcher Daniel A., Grodzinsky Alan J., Zhu Cheng, Mofrad Mohammad R. K., Molecular Biomechanics: The Molecular Basis of How Forces Regulate Cellular Function, Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 3, 2, 2010. Crossref

  16. Apostolakos P., Livanos P., Nikolakopoulou T. L., Galatis B., Callose implication in stomatal opening and closure in the fernAsplenium nidus, New Phytologist, 186, 3, 2010. Crossref

  17. Sénégas Jacques, Vital Jean-Marc, Pointillart Vincent, Mangione Paolo, Long-term actuarial survivorship analysis of an interspinous stabilization system, European Spine Journal, 16, 8, 2007. Crossref

  18. THORNHILL J. A., McVEIGH P., JURBERG A. D., KUSEL J. R., Pathways for the influx of molecules into cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni during skin penetration, Parasitology, 137, 7, 2010. Crossref

  19. Vidal BC, Form birefringence as applied to biopolymer and inorganic material supraorganization, Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 85, 6, 2010. Crossref

  20. Shiu Yan-Ting, Mechanical Forces on Cells, in Tissue Engineering, 2007. Crossref

  21. Anesäter Erik, Roupé Markus, Robertsson Peter, Borgquist Ola, Torbrand Christian, Ingemansson Richard, Lindstedt Sandra, Malmsjö Malin, The influence on wound contraction and fluid evacuation of a rigid disc inserted to protect exposed organs during negative pressure wound therapy, International Wound Journal, 8, 4, 2011. Crossref

  22. Borgquist Ola, Ingemansson Richard, Malmsjö Malin, The Influence of Low and High Pressure Levels during Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy on Wound Contraction and Fluid Evacuation, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 127, 2, 2011. Crossref

  23. Huang Zhen, Boulatov Roman, Chemomechanics: chemical kinetics for multiscale phenomena, Chemical Society Reviews, 40, 5, 2011. Crossref

  24. Bierbaum S., Scharnweber D., Artificial Extracellular Matrices to Functionalize Biomaterial Surfaces, in Comprehensive Biomaterials, 2011. Crossref

  25. Silver Frederick H., Bradica Gino, Tria Alfred, Do changes in the mechanical properties of articular cartilage promote catabolic destruction of cartilage and osteoarthritis?, Matrix Biology, 23, 7, 2004. Crossref

  26. Liedert Astrid, Kaspar Daniela, Claes Lutz, Ignatius Anita, Signal transduction pathways involved in mechanical regulation of HB-GAM expression in osteoblastic cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 342, 4, 2006. Crossref

  27. Valle M.E. Del, Cobo T., Cobo J.L., Vega J.A., Mechanosensory neurons, cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and putative mechanoproteins, Microscopy Research and Technique, 75, 8, 2012. Crossref

  28. Sénégas J., Stabilisation dynamique lombaire par l'implant Wallis, in Alternatives à l'arthrodèse lombaire et lombosacrée, 2007. Crossref

  29. Wang James H.‐C., Thampatty Bhavani P., , 271, 2008. Crossref

  30. Hsiao Sheng-Hsiung, Tsai Li-Jen, A Neurovascular Transmission Model for Acupuncture-induced Nitric Oxide, Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 1, 1, 2008. Crossref

  31. Salameh Aida, Dhein Stefan, Effects of mechanical forces and stretch on intercellular gap junction coupling, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1828, 1, 2013. Crossref

  32. Elsasser T.H., Kahl S., Capuco A.V., Schmidt W., Effects of stress on endocrine and metabolic processes and redirection: cross talk between subcellular compartments, Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 43, 2, 2012. Crossref

  33. Wiegand Cornelia, White Richard, Microdeformation in wound healing, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 21, 6, 2013. Crossref

  34. Narutomi Masanori, Nishiura Toshihiro, Sakai Toshio, Abe Kimio, Ishikawa Hiroyuki, Cyclic Mechanical Strain Induces Interleukin-6 Expression via Prostaglandin E2 Production by Cyclooxygenase-2 in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast-like Cells, Journal of Oral Biosciences, 49, 1, 2007. Crossref

  35. Bliss Stuart, Musculoskeletal Structure and Physiology, in Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2013. Crossref

  36. Galatis Basil, Apostolakos Panagiotis, A new callose function, Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5, 11, 2010. Crossref

  37. Wang James, Thampatty Bhavani, Mechano-Regulation of Fibroblast Function, in Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition - Four Volume Set, 2008. Crossref

  38. Han Ming Li, Zhang Yan Liang, Yu Meng Ying, Shee Cheng Yap, Ang Wei Tech, Real-time modeling and control of the circular cell membranes strain, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2011. Crossref

  39. Binderman Itzhak, Young Lital, Bahar Hila, Gadban Nasser, Yaffe Avinoam, The effects of mechanical loading on hard and soft tissues and cells, in Biological mechanisms of tooth movement, 2015. Crossref

  40. Valero C., Javierre E., García-Aznar J.M., Gómez-Benito M.J., Menzel A., Modeling of anisotropic wound healing, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 79, 2015. Crossref

  41. Moncayo Roy, Moncayo Helga, A musculoskeletal model of low grade connective tissue inflammation in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO): the WOMED concept of lateral tension and its general implications in disease, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 8, 1, 2007. Crossref

  42. Dhein S., Salameh A., Kardiale „gap junctions“, Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, 31, 3, 2017. Crossref

  43. Borau Carlos, Kim Taeyoon, Bidone Tamara, García-Aznar José Manuel, Kamm Roger D., Lam Wilbur, Dynamic Mechanisms of Cell Rigidity Sensing: Insights from a Computational Model of Actomyosin Networks, PLoS ONE, 7, 11, 2012. Crossref

  44. Kamble Harshad, Barton Matthew J., Nguyen Nam-Trung, Modelling of an uniaxial single-sided magnetically actuated cell-stretching device, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 252, 2016. Crossref

  45. Kamble Harshad, Barton Matthew J., Jun Myeongjun, Park Sungsu, Nguyen Nam-Trung, Cell stretching devices as research tools: engineering and biological considerations, Lab on a Chip, 16, 17, 2016. Crossref

  46. Suárez-Trujillo Aridany, Casey Theresa M., Serotoninergic and Circadian Systems: Driving Mammary Gland Development and Function, Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 2016. Crossref

  47. Bucur Voichita, Strings for Musical Instruments of the Baroque and Romantic Periods, in Handbook of Materials for String Musical Instruments, 2016. Crossref

  48. Harshad Kamble, Jun Myeongjun, Park Sungsu, Barton Matthew J., Vadivelu Raja K., St John James, Nguyen Nam-Trung, An electromagnetic cell-stretching device for mechanotransduction studies of olfactory ensheathing cells, Biomedical Microdevices, 18, 3, 2016. Crossref

  49. Svedman Paul, Mechanical homeostasis regulating adipose tissue volume, Head & Face Medicine, 3, 1, 2007. Crossref

  50. Kamble Harshad, Vadivelu Raja, Barton Mathew, Boriachek Kseniia, Munaz Ahmed, Park Sungsu, Shiddiky Muhammad, Nguyen Nam-Trung, An Electromagnetically Actuated Double-Sided Cell-Stretching Device for Mechanobiology Research, Micromachines, 8, 8, 2017. Crossref

  51. Casey Theresa, Patel Osman V., Plaut Karen, Transcriptomes reveal alterations in gravity impact circadian clocks and activate mechanotransduction pathways with adaptation through epigenetic change, Physiological Genomics, 47, 4, 2015. Crossref

  52. Zeng Ye, Waters Michele, Andrews Allison, Honarmandi Peyman, Ebong Eno E., Rizzo Victor, Tarbell John M., Fluid shear stress induces the clustering of heparan sulfate via mobility of glypican-1 in lipid rafts, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 305, 6, 2013. Crossref

  53. Corey Sarah M., Vizzard Margaret A., Bouffard Nicole A., Badger Gary J., Langevin Helene M., Baccei Mark L., Stretching of the Back Improves Gait, Mechanical Sensitivity and Connective Tissue Inflammation in a Rodent Model, PLoS ONE, 7, 1, 2012. Crossref

  54. Krishnan V., Davidovitch Z., On a Path to Unfolding the Biological Mechanisms of Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Journal of Dental Research, 88, 7, 2009. Crossref

  55. Bierbaum S., Hintze V., Scharnweber D., 2.8 Artificial Extracellular Matrices to Functionalize Biomaterial Surfaces ☆, in Comprehensive Biomaterials II, 2017. Crossref

  56. Georges Penelope C., Janmey Paul A., Cell type-specific response to growth on soft materials, Journal of Applied Physiology, 98, 4, 2005. Crossref

  57. Pinheiro R.R., Eloy A.M.X., Alves F.S.F., Andrioli A., Santiago L.B., Thoracic aortic aneurysm in a buck associated with caseous lymphadenitis, Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 65, 3, 2013. Crossref

  58. Zhang Xudong, Wang William, Li Fang, Voiculescu Ioana, Stretchable impedance sensor for mammalian cell proliferation measurements, Lab on a Chip, 17, 12, 2017. Crossref

  59. Garay Edward, Boninger Michael, Sowa Gwendolyn, Ambrosio Fabrisia, Mechanotransduction as a Tool to Influence Musculoskeletal Tissue Biology, in Applications of Regenerative Medicine to Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, 2014. Crossref

  60. Niu X.-F., Yi J.-H., Zha G.-Q., Hu J., Liu Y.-J., Xiao L.-B., Vacuum sealing drainage as a pre-surgical adjunct in the treatment of complex (open) hand injuries: Report of 17 cases, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 103, 3, 2017. Crossref

  61. Liu Huijie, Niu Airu, Chen Shuen‐Ei, Li Yi‐Ping, β3‐Integrin mediates satellite cell differentiation in regenerating mouse muscle, The FASEB Journal, 25, 6, 2011. Crossref

  62. Zeng Ye, Zhang X. Frank, Fu Bingmei M., Tarbell John M., The Role of Endothelial Surface Glycocalyx in Mechanosensing and Transduction, in Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering of the Vascular System, 1097, 2018. Crossref

  63. Emon Bashar, Bauer Jessica, Jain Yasna, Jung Barbara, Saif Taher, Biophysics of Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Metastasis - A Mini Review, Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 16, 2018. Crossref

  64. Yang Hongrong, Yao Yifei, Li Huize, Ho Lok Wai Cola, Yin Bohan, Yung Wing-Yin, Leung Ken Cham-Fai, Mak Arthur Fuk-Tat, Choi Chung Hang Jonathan, Promoting intracellular delivery of sub-25 nm nanoparticlesviadefined levels of compression, Nanoscale, 10, 31, 2018. Crossref

  65. Bliss Stuart, Musculoskeletal Structure and Physiology, in Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018. Crossref

  66. Silver Frederick H., The Importance of Collagen Fibers in Vertebrate Biology, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 4, 2, 2009. Crossref

  67. Kamble Harshad, Vadivelu Raja, Barton Matthew, Shiddiky Muhammad J. A., Nguyen Nam-Trung, Pneumatically actuated cell-stretching array platform for engineering cell patterns in vitro, Lab on a Chip, 18, 5, 2018. Crossref

  68. Dehail Patrick, Gaudreault Nathaly, Zhou Haodong, Cressot Véronique, Martineau Anne, Kirouac-Laplante Julie, Trudel Guy, Joint contractures and acquired deforming hypertonia in older people: Which determinants?, Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 62, 6, 2019. Crossref

  69. García‐Piqueras Jorge, Carcaba Lucia, García‐Mesa Yolanda, Feito Jorge, García Beatriz, Viña E., Suárez‐Quintanilla Juan, Cobo Juan, Vega Jose A., García‐Suárez Olivia, Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Cutaneous Meissner and Pacinian Sensory Corpuscles, The Anatomical Record, 302, 2, 2019. Crossref

  70. Silver F.H., Landis W.J., Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and Dissipation by Extracellular Matrices in Vertebrates, in Collagen, 2008. Crossref

  71. Narutomi Masanori, Nishiura Toshihiro, Sakai Toshio, Abe Kimio, Ishikawa Hiroyuki, Cyclic Mechanical Strain Induces Interleukin-6 Expression via Prostaglandin E2 Production by Cyclooxygenase-2 in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast-like Cells, Journal of Oral Biosciences, 49, 1, 2007. Crossref

  72. Silver Frederick, Viscoelastic Behavior of Allografts and Scaffolds Composed of Extracellular Matrices, Advances in Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine: Open Access, 2, 1, 2017. Crossref

  73. Shen Michael, Frishman William H., Effects of Spaceflight on Cardiovascular Physiology and Health, Cardiology in Review, 27, 3, 2019. Crossref

  74. Silver Frederick H, A Matter of Gravity-Mechanotransduction: How Mechanical Forces Influence Biological Materials, Material Science & Engineering International Journal, 1, 2, 2017. Crossref

  75. Faisal Tanvir R., Adouni Malek, Dhaher Yasin Y., The effect of fibrillar degradation on the mechanics of articular cartilage: a computational model, Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 18, 3, 2019. Crossref

  76. Díaz Lantada Andrés, Some Introductory Notes to Cell Behavior, in Microsystems for Enhanced Control of Cell Behavior, 18, 2016. Crossref

  77. Sun Shan, Paul Amit, Kanagaraj John, Cho Michael, Functional Stem Cell Biomechanics: Application of Biophysical Techniques and Multi-content 3D Image Analysis, in Biomedical Engineering: Frontier Research and Converging Technologies, 9, 2016. Crossref

  78. Jeong Yun-Jin, Lee Bong-Kee, Kim Eung-Sam, Lee Dong-Weon, A Novel Stage-Top-Bioreactor Integrated with Nano-Textured Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Diaphragm, 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII), 2019. Crossref

  79. Rizzuto Emanuele, Peruzzi Barbara, Giudice Mariagrazia, Urciuoli Enrica, Pittella Erika, Piuzzi Emanuele, Musarò Antonio, Del Prete Zaccaria, Detection of the Strains Induced in Murine Tibias by Ex Vivo Uniaxial Loading with Different Sensors, Sensors, 19, 23, 2019. Crossref

  80. Singaraju Aditya B., Bahl Dherya, Stevens Lewis L., Brillouin Light Scattering: Development of a Near Century-Old Technique for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Materials, AAPS PharmSciTech, 20, 3, 2019. Crossref

  81. Werner Carsten, Pompe Tilo, Salchert Katrin, Modulating Extracellular Matrix at Interfaces of Polymeric Materials, in Polymers for Regenerative Medicine, 203, 2006. Crossref

  82. Bauer Jessica, Emon Md Abul Bashar, Staudacher Jonas J., Thomas Alexandra L., Zessner-Spitzenberg Jasmin, Mancinelli Georgina, Krett Nancy, Saif M. Taher, Jung Barbara, Increased stiffness of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer stimulates cancer associated fibroblast-mediated prometastatic activin A signaling, Scientific Reports, 10, 1, 2020. Crossref

  83. Brás M. Manuela, Radmacher Manfred, Sousa Susana R., Granja Pedro L., Melanoma in the Eyes of Mechanobiology, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 8, 2020. Crossref

  84. Liu Jane, Crist Brett D., Management of Wounds With Orthopedic Fixation Hardware Using Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwell, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 147, 1S-1, 2021. Crossref

  85. Silver Frederick H., Kelkar Nikita, Deshmukh Tanmay, Molecular Basis for Mechanical Properties of ECMs: Proposed Role of Fibrillar Collagen and Proteoglycans in Tissue Biomechanics, Biomolecules, 11, 7, 2021. Crossref

  86. Silver Frederick H., Kelkar Nikita, Deshmukh Tanmay, Use of vibrational optical coherence tomography to measure viscoelastic properties of muscle and tendon: A new method to follow musculoskeletal injury and pathology In vivo, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 119, 2021. Crossref

  87. Wang Yingxiao, Shyy John Y.-J., Chien Shu, Fluorescence Proteins, Live-Cell Imaging, and Mechanobiology: Seeing Is Believing, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 10, 1, 2008. Crossref

  88. de Campos Vidal Benedicto, Mello Maria Luiza S., Structural organization of collagen fibers in chordae tendineae as assessed by optical anisotropic properties and Fast Fourier transform, Journal of Structural Biology, 167, 2, 2009. Crossref

  89. Batra Nidhi, Riquelme Manuel A., Burra Sirisha, Jiang Jean X., 14-3-3θ Facilitates plasma membrane delivery and function of mechanosensitive connexin 43 hemichannels, Journal of Cell Science, 2013. Crossref

  90. Tschumperlin Daniel J., Drazen Jeffrey M., CHRONIC EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL FORCE ON AIRWAYS, Annual Review of Physiology, 68, 1, 2006. Crossref

  91. Arnsdorf Emily J., Tummala Padmaja, Kwon Ronald Y., Jacobs Christopher R., Mechanically induced osteogenic differentiation – the role of RhoA, ROCKII and cytoskeletal dynamics, Journal of Cell Science, 122, 4, 2009. Crossref

  92. Binderman Itzhak, Gadban Nasser, Yaffe Avinoam, The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Hard and Soft Tissues and Cells, in Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement, 2021. Crossref

  93. Apa L, Carraro S, Pisu S, Peruzzi B, Rizzuto E, Prete Z Del, Development and validation of a device for in vitro uniaxial cell substrate deformation with real-time strain control, Measurement Science and Technology, 31, 12, 2020. Crossref

  94. Lopez J I, Mouw J K, Weaver V M, Biomechanical regulation of cell orientation and fate, Oncogene, 27, 55, 2008. Crossref

  95. So Choon Leng, Meinert Christoph, Xia Qing, Robitaille Mélanie, Roberts-Thomson Sarah J, Monteith Gregory R, Increased matrix stiffness suppresses ATP-induced sustained Ca2+ influx in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, Cell Calcium, 104, 2022. Crossref

  96. Sun Bo , Collagen network and the mechanical microenvironment of cancer cells, Acta Physica Sinica, 64, 5, 2015. Crossref

  97. Yi Bingcheng, Xu Qi, Liu Wei, An overview of substrate stiffness guided cellular response and its applications in tissue regeneration, Bioactive Materials, 15, 2022. Crossref

  98. Limansky Yury P., Gulyar Serge A., Samosyuk Ivan Z., Scientific basis of acupuncture, Kontakt, 9, 2, 2007. Crossref

  99. Germain Philippe, Delalande Anthony, Pichon Chantal, Role of Muscle LIM Protein in Mechanotransduction Process, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 17, 2022. Crossref

  100. Kim Jaewon, Kim Sein, Uddin Shahab, Lee Sung Sik, Park Sungsu, Microfabricated Stretching Devices for Studying the Effects of Tensile Stress on Cells and Tissues, BioChip Journal, 2022. Crossref

Portal Digital Begell Biblioteca digital da Begell eBooks Diários Referências e Anais Coleções de pesquisa Políticas de preços e assinaturas Begell House Contato Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain