RT Journal Article ID 546d670b33d015c1 A1 Bartova, Eva A1 Galiova, Gabriela A1 Legartova, Sona A1 Stixova, Lenka A1 Jugova, Alzbeta A1 Kozubek, Stanislav T1 Genome Instability in the Context of Chromatin Structure and Fragile Sites JF Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression JO CRE YR 2010 FD 2010-12-16 VO 20 IS 3 SP 181 OP 194 K1 gene amplification K1 fragile sites K1 chromatin structure K1 UV damage AB Genomes are exposed to various external stimuli that induce DNA damage in the form of single- or double-stranded DNA breaks. Fragile sites in the human genome are sensitive to genotoxic stress and, when not appropriately repaired, are responsible for chromosomal aberrations, including the gene amplifications observed in a variety of tumors. Moreover, when DNA lesions from different chromosomes are in close proximity and not repaired, the probability of chromosome translocations is greatly increased. These events can be induced by ionizing radiation that, in a majority of cells, induces a G2/M cell cycle arrest and is characterized by the repositioning of many tumor-related genes closer to the nuclear interior. On the basis of this knowledge, we review functional and structural aspects of chromosomal rearrangements and the DNA repair machinery. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/6dbf508d3b17c437,5aaae1e44adeb5b4,546d670b33d015c1.html