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ISSN Печать: 1040-8401
ISSN Онлайн: 2162-6472
Indexed in
Hard Science Versus Phenomenology in Reproductive Immunology
Краткое описание
It has been suggested that studies of immunological aspects of reproduction have recently changed from the phenomenological (e.g., speculative/descriptive) to hard science (e.g., precise molecular description/explanation). The significance of this development is explored by analysis of the contribution made by hard science that has led to a number of assertions. Does HLA-G determine maternal tolerance of her semi-allogeneic fetus? Do differences in placentation between humans, rodents, and other species make direct comparisons largely meaningless? Does membrane cofactor protein (CD46) contribute to pregnancy success by protecting sperm and fetal trophoblast from complement-mediated lysis? Does a low frequency in mice of maternal T cells specific for paternal alloantigens occur, and if so, does phenomenon explain specific maternal tolerance in pregnancy? Do placental and decidual macrophage components provide an important immediate antigen-nonspecific host defense to infection? Does the mix of bioactive molecules make the uterus an immunologically privileged site, and does the molecular melange have a pivotal role in promoting growth and development of the placenta and embryo? Does prolactin acting on receptors on lymphocytes suppress function and thereby account for remission of autoimmune disease in pregnant women? Is the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion a thorny issue that will be resolved by an ongoing funded national trial? What is a scientifically correct timeline of important discoveries and developments in reproductive immunology? It is argued that it is unprofitable to divorce phenomenology from hard science and that the timeline for developments in reproductive immunology begin with Darwin. Irrespective of whether one is dealing with phenomena or hard science data, Hippocrates was correct in his aphorism that "description is infinite and easy; explanation is limited and difficult".
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Wilczynski Jacek R, Fetal rejection: infertility and immunity, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 3, 6, 2007. Crossref
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CLARK DAVID A., CHAOUAT GERARD, GORCZYNSKI REGINALD M., Thinking Outside the Box: Mechanisms of Environmental Selective Pressures on the Outcome of the Materno-fetal Relationship*, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 47, 5, 2002. Crossref
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Clark David A., Rahmati Mona, Gohner Claudia, Bensussan Armand, Markert Udo R., Chaouat Gerard, Seminal plasma peptides may determine maternal immune response that alters success or failure of pregnancy in the abortion-prone CBAxDBA/2 model, Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 99, 1-2, 2013. Crossref
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Clark David A., Chaouat Gerard, Loss of Surface CD200 on Stored Allogeneic Leukocytes may Impair Anti-abortive EffectIn Vivo, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 53, 1, 2005. Crossref
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GORCZYNSKI REGINALD M., HADIDI SIMA, YU GARY, CLARK DAVID A., The Same Immunoregulatory Molecules Contribute to Successful Pregnancy and Transplantation, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 48, 1, 2002. Crossref
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Clark David A., COMMENTARY: Should Anti-TNF-α Therapy be Offered to Patients with Infertility and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion?*, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 61, 2, 2009. Crossref
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Clark David A., Chaouat Gerard, Wong Karrie, Gorczynski Reginald M., Kinsky Radslav, REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance Mechanisms in Pregnancy: A Reappraisal of the Role of Class I Paternal MHC Antigens*, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 63, 2, 2009. Crossref
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Clark David A., Fernandez Jason, Banwatt Daljeet, ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Prevention of Spontaneous Abortion in the CBA × DBA/2 Mouse Model by Intravaginal TGF-β and Local Recruitment of CD4+ 8+ FOXP3+ Cells, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 59, 6, 2008. Crossref
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Clark David A., REVIEW ARTICLE: Immunological Factors in Pregnancy Wastage: Fact or Fiction, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 59, 4, 2008. Crossref
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Dorshkind Kenneth, Horseman Nelson D., Anterior pituitary hormones, stress, and immune system homeostasis, BioEssays, 23, 3, 2001. Crossref
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Juch Herbert, Blaschitz Astrid, Daxböck Christine, Rueckert Christine, Kofler Kristina, Dohr Gottfried, A novel sandwich ELISA for α1 domain based detection of soluble HLA-G heavy chains, Journal of Immunological Methods, 307, 1-2, 2005. Crossref
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Cross James C, The Fetus Doesn't Accept Complements, Pediatric Research, 48, 1, 2000. Crossref
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Clark David A, Yu Gary, Levy Gary A, Gorczynski Reginald M, Procoagulants in fetus rejection: the role of the OX-2 (CD200) tolerance signal, Seminars in Immunology, 13, 4, 2001. Crossref
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Howes Moira, Maternal Agency and the Immunological Paradox of Pregnancy, in Establishing Medical Reality, 2007. Crossref
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Erlebacher Adrian, Lukens Amanda K., Glimcher Laurie H., Intrinsic susceptibility of mouse trophoblasts to natural killer cell-mediated attack in vivo , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 26, 2002. Crossref