%0 Journal Article %A Campanella, R. %A Damiani, V. %A Laforgia, D. %D 1996 %I Begell House %N 3 %P 257-284 %R 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v6.i3.20 %T SPRAY VISUALIZATION AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HOLES OF A FIVE-HOLE, VALVE-COVERED-ORIFICE NOZZLE OF AN ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED DIESEL INJECTOR %U https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/6a7c7e10642258cc,52f2cbd0775a68d2,38f23f9d585337b1.html %V 6 %X A study of the spray of a standard, five-hole, valve-covered-orifice (V.C.O.) nozzle for D.I. diesel engines has been carried out, several pictures of the spray coming from each hole have been taken using the back-light photography technique. Injected volume and duration, supply pressure, spray penetration, angle, and diameter, and flash delay from start of injection have been measured; each spray depends strongly on the needle lift. The causes of such differences have been attributed to the different inclination of the holes, the asymmetric feeding condition of the holes (due to the eccentricity between needle and nozzle), and the microdefects caused by the drilling operation. %8 1996-06-01