RT Journal Article ID 390f197817b68b8d A1 Giordano, James A1 Shook, John R. T1 Minding Brain Science in Medicine: On the Need for Neuroethical Engagement for Guidance of Neuroscience in Clinical Contexts JF Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine: An International Journal JO EBEM YR 2015 FD 2016-01-29 VO 6 IS 1-2 SP 37 OP 41 K1 neuroethics; neuroscience; neurotechnology; medicine; guidelines; funding; education AB The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (PCSBI) released the second volume of its Gray Matters report in March 2015 to address neuroethical, legal, and social issues arising in and from efforts of the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. In concert with recommendations made in the Gray Matters volumes, we herein offer what we believe to be four crucial−and actionable−goals for neuroethics: First, neuroethics should be dedicated to evaluating the validity and value of current and proposed approaches to assessing and altering the structure and functions of the brain. Second, neuroethical tools and methods must be developed to interpret, and enable sound use of neuroscientific information, techniques, and technologies in biomedical research and clinical practice. Third, neuroethics should use newly emerging neuroscientific findings to inform common conceptions and definitions of the normal structure and functions of the brain, and how the brain should be treated to recover or improve its functional capacities. Fourth, neuroethics should be prominently featured in the education and training of researchers and clinicians, so as to enable more pragmatic and ethically prudent capability in laboratory and clinical settings, as well as policy- and public-oriented fields, organizations, and agencies. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/6ed509641f7324e6,15788ba534bd702d,390f197817b68b8d.html