RT Journal Article ID 4cf7700f1ba0cdf2 A1 Alexeev, G. A. T1 Analytical Theory of Orotron in the Hard Excitation Mode JF Telecommunications and Radio Engineering JO TRE YR 2001 FD 2001-07-01 VO 55 IS 6-7 OP 9 AB The representation of the components of electron interaction power by the polynomials of the sixth order obtained by using the method of iterations and forcibly harmonized solution for the electron transit angle is taken as a basis for analyzing the steady-state oscillation modes of the orotron-type devices with a uniform field amplitude distribution. It is demonstrated that, depending on the value of the relative transit electron angle, orotron can enter a soft or hard mode of excitation. The analytical relations for electron efficiency, frequency shift, stability of limit cycles and non-isochronism of oscillations are found that describe the electron hysteresis effect in terms of the accelerating voltage and current. It is shown that the nature of the electron hysteresis is conditioned by specific features of nonlinear dynamics of the transit electrons, and the hysteresis is an immediate result of the variation of the average electron velocity within the interaction space. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/0632a9d54950b268,67936c2f3422f415,4cf7700f1ba0cdf2.html