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ISSN 打印: 0743-4863

ISSN 在线: 2162-660X

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 2.7 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 3.6 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.8 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00023 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.39 SJR: 0.42 SNIP: 0.89 CiteScore™:: 5.5 H-Index: 79

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Transdermal Iontophoresis: Impact on Skin Integrity as Evaluated by Various Methods

卷 25, 册 4, 2008, pp. 381-401
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v25.i4.30
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摘要

Transdermal iontophoresis, a noninvasive technique that facilitates drug transport through the skin by the use of an external electrical field, has expanded the scope of drugs that can be delivered transdermally and enables programmable drug delivery. In general, transdermal iontophoresis is considered to be a safe procedure, associated with moderate erythema and tingling sensations. However, ensuring that the skin barrier maintains its integrity during iontophoresis is an essential factor to increase its clinical applicability. This review focuses on the effect of transdermal iontophoresis on the integrity of skin, as evaluated by impedance spectroscopy, microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transepidermal water loss, laser doppler velocimetry, visual scoring, chromameter readings, and patient evaluation studies.

对本文的引用
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