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ENHANCING CO2 FLOODING EFFICIENCY BY CHEMICAL FLOODING: A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY

卷 9, 册 2, 2018, pp. 145-154
DOI: 10.1615/SpecialTopicsRevPorousMedia.v9.i2.40
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摘要

Due to large reservoir heterogeneity, there is still much residual oil remaining in the reservoir after miscible CO2 flooding. This research attempts to improve CO2 flooding performance using chemical-flooding methods, including foam-gel flood and surfactant flood. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique is used to determine how CO2 flooding and chemical flooding alter the oil-saturation distribution in core samples. Single-core flood experiment shows that the foamed gel alone does not increase recovery efficiency, but after the foamed-gel treatment, CO2 flooding can displace the residual oil distributed in T2 < 10 ms and T2 > 100 ms pores, enhancing the ultimate recovery by 15.99%. The foamed gel added in the CO2 flooding process can decrease the residual oil contained in the smaller pores, remarkably improving the recovery efficiency. Parallel-core experiments using a high-permeability core and a low-permeability core are conducted to examine the effect of macro-scale heterogeneity on the performance of combined CO2/surfactant flooding. As for the low-permeability core, surfactant flooding alone only slightly increases the recovery factor, while the follow-up CO2 flooding greatly increases the recovery factor by 28.24% and efficently displaces oil residing in T2 > 10 ms pores. The results of the NMR tests show that most of the residual oil is confined in the pore range of T2 < 100 ms. Due to reduction in oil–water interfacial tension after surfactant treatment, a higher recovery factor and a more uniform displacement front can be achieved in the subsequent CO2 flooding. In comparison, as for the higher-permeability core which does not go through surfactant flooding, the second CO2 flooding results in much less additional oil recovery.

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