图书馆订阅: Guest
生物医学工程评论综述™

每年出版 6 

ISSN 打印: 0278-940X

ISSN 在线: 1943-619X

SJR: 0.262 SNIP: 0.372 CiteScore™:: 2.2 H-Index: 56

Indexed in

Considerations for Gradient Echo Echo Planar Imaging of Skeletal Muscle

卷 46, 册 3, 2018, pp. 201-219
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2018025975
Get accessGet access

摘要

Adequate blood circulation to muscles is important for good health. In recent years, researchers have increasingly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study temporal skeletal muscle physiological changes using gradient echo (GRE) echo planar imaging (EPI). These studies, typically involving exercise or ischemic challenges, have differentiated healthy subjects from athletic or unhealthy populations, such as those with peripheral vascular disease. The T*2-weighted GRE EPI signal is sensitive to changes in blood flow and oxygenation in muscle. Furthermore, the signal can be weighted differently by adjusting the echo time (TE), achieving either blood volume (BV) or blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging. This paper comprehensively reviews the muscle GRE EPI literature to date, with a particular emphasis on studies that have also used other modalities in an attempt to elucidate the GRE EPI signal characteristics. Finally, the systemic and muscle physiological factors that are thought to influence the GRE EPI signal during and after exercise are described. These include temperature, blood flow, blood oxygen saturation, myoglobin, and postural effects. The summary attempts to predict, based on the published literature, the temporal dynamics of these signal-influencing parameters in a hypothetical exercise experiment.

Begell Digital Portal Begell 数字图书馆 电子图书 期刊 参考文献及会议录 研究收集 订购及政策 Begell House 联系我们 Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain