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ISSN Druckformat: 0892-0915
ISSN Online: 2375-0014
Expression Patterns and Regulation of Glutamate Transporters in the Developing and Adult Nervous System
ABSTRAKT
Glutamate and aspartate are the primary excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system and have also been implicated as mediators of excitotoxic neuronal injury and death. The precise control of extracellular glutamate and aspartate is crucial to the maintenance of normal synaptic transmission and the prevention of excitotoxicity following acute insults to the brain, such as stroke or head trauma, or during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The removal of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) from the extracellular space is primarily mediated by a family of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters. These transporters use the sodium electrochemical gradients of the cell to actively concentrate EAAs in both neurons and glia. Five members of this transporter family have been cloned recently and include both 'glial'-specific and 'neuron'-specific subtypes. Although these subtypes share many common functional properties, there are considerable differences in developmental expression, chronic and acute regulation by cellular signaling pathways, and contribution to disease processes among the subtypes. In this review recent studies of glutamate transporter expression, regulation, function, and pathological relevance are summarized, and some of the discrepancies and unexpected results common to any rapidly progressing field are discussed.
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Lee Eunsook, Sidoryk-Wêgrzynowicz Marta, Wang Ning, Webb Anton, Son Deok-Soo, Lee Kyuwon, Aschner Michael, GPR30 Regulates Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Expression in Rat Primary Astrocytes, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 32, 2012. Crossref
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Waxman Elisa A., Baconguis Isabelle, Lynch David R., Robinson Michael B., N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor-dependent Regulation of the Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 24, 2007. Crossref
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Sheldon Amanda L., González Marco I., Robinson Michael B., A Carboxyl-terminal Determinant of the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1, Is Required for Platelet-derived Growth Factor-dependent Trafficking, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 8, 2006. Crossref
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Guillem Alain M., Krizman Elizabeth N., Robinson Michael B., Rapid Regulation of Glutamate Transport: Where Do We Go from Here?, Neurochemical Research, 47, 1, 2022. Crossref
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Qian Yisong, Guan Teng, Tang Xuzhen, Huang Longfei, Huang Menghao, Li Yunman, Sun Hongbin, Yu Rong, Zhang Fan, Astrocytic glutamate transporter-dependent neuroprotection against glutamate toxicity: An in vitro study of maslinic acid, European Journal of Pharmacology, 651, 1-3, 2011. Crossref
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Fournier Keith M., González Marco I., Robinson Michael B., Rapid Trafficking of the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 33, 2004. Crossref
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Zschocke Jürgen, Bayatti Nadhim, Clement Albrecht M., Witan Heidrun, Figiel Maciej, Engele Jürgen, Behl Christian, Differential Promotion of Glutamate Transporter Expression and Function by Glucocorticoids in Astrocytes from Various Brain Regions, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 41, 2005. Crossref