Published 6 issues per year
ISSN Print: 1072-8325
ISSN Online: 1940-431X
Indexed in
WHO'S PERSISTING IN ENGINEERING? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE AND MALE ASIAN, BLACK, HISPANIC, NATIVE AMERICAN, AND WHITE STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
Interest in increasing the number of engineering graduates in the United States and promoting gender equality and diversification of the profession has encouraged considerable research on women and minorities in engineering programs. Drawing on a framework of intersectionality theory, this study recognizes that women of different ethnic backgrounds warrant disaggregated analysis because they do not necessarily share a common experience in engineering education. Using a longitudinal, comprehensive dataset of more than 79,000 students who matriculated in engineering at nine universities, this research examines the question: How does the persistence of engineering students (measured as enrollment to the eighth semester) vary by disaggregated combinations of gender and race/ethnicity? Findings reveal that for Asian, Black, Hispanic, Native American, and White students, women who matriculate in engineering are most likely to persist in engineering compared to other eighth-semester destinations and, except for Native Americans, do so at rates comparable to those of men. Thus, contrary to considerable popular opinion that there is a gender gap in persistence, the low representation of women in the later years of engineering programs is primarily a reflection of their low representation at matriculation.
-
Tyson Will, Modeling Engineering Degree Attainment Using High School and College Physics and Calculus Coursetaking and Achievement, Journal of Engineering Education, 100, 4, 2011. Crossref
-
Camacho Michelle Madsen, Lord Susan M, Latinos and the exclusionary space of engineering education, Latino Studies, 11, 1, 2013. Crossref
-
Ohland Matthew W., Brawner Catherine E., Camacho Michelle M., Layton Richard A., Long Russell A., Lord Susan M., Wasburn Mara H., Race, Gender, and Measures of Success in Engineering Education, Journal of Engineering Education, 100, 2, 2011. Crossref
-
Bhanji Jamil P., Delgado Mauricio R., Perceived Control Influences Neural Responses to Setbacks and Promotes Persistence, Neuron, 83, 6, 2014. Crossref
-
Klotz Leidy, Potvin Geoff, Godwin Allison, Cribbs Jennifer, Hazari Zahra, Barclay Nicole, Sustainability as a Route to Broadening Participation in Engineering, Journal of Engineering Education, 103, 1, 2014. Crossref
-
Orr Marisa K., Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Student Demographics and Outcomes in Mechanical Engineering in the U.S., International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 42, 1, 2014. Crossref
-
Yuen Timothy T, Stone Jennifer, Davis Don, Gomez Alvaro, Guillen Adrienne, Price Tiger Erin, Boecking Melanie, A model of how children construct knowledge and understanding of engineering design within robotics focused contexts, International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 5, 1, 2015. Crossref
-
Camacho Michelle Madsen, Lord Susan M., Brawner Catherine E., Ohland Matthew W., Climate in undergraduate engineering education from 1995 to 2009, 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010. Crossref
-
Ohland Matthew W., Orr Marisa K., Layton Richard A., Lord Susan M., Long Russell A., Introducing “stickiness” as a versatile metric of engineering persistence, 2012 Frontiers in Education Conference Proceedings, 2012. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Multi-Institution Study of Student Demographics and Outcomes in Electrical and Computer Engineering in the USA, IEEE Transactions on Education, 58, 3, 2015. Crossref
-
Orr Marisa K., Ngambeki Ida, Long Russell A., Ohland Matthew W., Performance trajectory of students in the engineering disciplines, 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2011. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Trajectories of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Students by Race and Gender, IEEE Transactions on Education, 54, 4, 2011. Crossref
-
Gregory Stacie L., African American female engineering students' experience with stereotype threat: A narrative inquiry, Engineering Leaders Conference 2014 on Engineering Education, 2015. Crossref
-
Camacho Michelle Madsen, Lord Susan M., "Microaggressions" in engineering education: Climate for Asian, Latina and White women, 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2011. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Camacho Michelle Madsen, Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Who enrolls in electrical engineering? A quantitative analysis of U.S.A. student trajectories, IEEE EDUCON 2010 Conference, 2010. Crossref
-
Braun Janet M., Work in progress — Why are most underrepresented groups even more underrepresented in a vehicle design program?, 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2011. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., A disciplinary comparison of trajectories of U.S.A. engineering students, 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings, 2014. Crossref
-
Exter Marisa, Yu Ji Hyun, Shuba Todd P., Zoltowski Carla B., Cardella Monica E., Oakes William C., Hart Mindy, Trusedell Jean, Investigation of pre-university pathways into engineering, 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings, 2014. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Orr Marisa K., Student demographics and outcomes in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, 2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2013. Crossref
-
Dutta Debalina, Sustaining the Pipeline: Experiences of International Female Engineers in U.S. Graduate Programs, Journal of Engineering Education, 104, 3, 2015. Crossref
-
Sullivan Margaret D., de Cohen Clemencia Cosentino, Barna Michael J., Orr Marisa K., Long Russell A., Ohland Matthew W., Understanding engineering transfer students: Demographic characteristics and educational outcomes, 2012 Frontiers in Education Conference Proceedings, 2012. Crossref
-
Eschenbach Elizabeth A., Virnoche Mary, Cashman Eileen M., Lord Susan M., Camacho Michelle Madsen, Proven practices that can reduce stereotype threat in engineering education: A literature review, 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings, 2014. Crossref
-
Orr Marisa K., Ramirez Nichole M., Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Student Choice and Persistence in Aerospace Engineering, Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, 12, 4, 2015. Crossref
-
Dutta Debalina, Negotiations of cultural identities by Indian women engineering students in US engineering programmes, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 45, 3, 2016. Crossref
-
Ro Hyun Kyoung, McIntosh Kadian, Constructing Conducive Environment for Women of Color in Engineering Undergraduate Education, in Critical Research on Sexism and Racism in STEM Fields, 2016. Crossref
-
Sparks David M., Navigating STEM-worlds, Journal for Multicultural Education, 11, 3, 2017. Crossref
-
Madsen Camacho Michelle, Lord Susan M., Quebrando Fronteras: Trends Among Latino and Latina Undergraduate Engineers, Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 10, 2, 2011. Crossref
-
Rulifson Greg, Bielefeldt Angela, Motivations to Leave Engineering: Through a Lens of Social Responsibility, Engineering Studies, 9, 3, 2017. Crossref
-
Goy Siew Ching, Wong Yut Lin, Low Wah Yun, Noor Siti Nurani Mohd, Fazli-Khalaf Zahra, Onyeneho Nkechi, Daniel Esther, Azizan SuzanaAriff, Hasbullah Maisarah, GinikaUzoigwe Anthonia, Swimming against the tide in STEM education and gender equality: a problem of recruitment or retention in Malaysia, Studies in Higher Education, 43, 11, 2018. Crossref
-
Mein Erika, Esquinca Alberto, Monarrez Angelica, Saldaña Claudia, Building a Pathway to Engineering: The Influence of Family and Teachers Among Mexican-Origin Undergraduate Engineering Students, Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 19, 1, 2020. Crossref
-
Ro Hyun Kyoung, McIntosh Kadian, Constructing Conducive Environment for Women of Color in Engineering Undergraduate Education, in Discrimination and Diversity, 2017. Crossref
-
Haskett Dan, Hilpert Jonathan, Husman Jenefer, Gender and Ethnic Differences in Classroom Engagement and Knowledge Building in Engineering Energy Science Courses, 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, 2017. Crossref
-
Ma Beverly, Doyle Jacqueline, Rohde Jacqueline, Boone Hank, Godwin Allison, Potvin Geoff, Benson Lisa, Kirn Adam, Understanding the pathways of students with normative attitudes in engineering, 2017 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2017. Crossref
-
Vijayalakshmi Ms. N.S., Sequeira A.H., Campus Adaptations of Engineering Undergraduates by Gender, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 3, 2017. Crossref
-
McGee Ebony, “Black Genius, Asian Fail”: The Detriment of Stereotype Lift and Stereotype Threat in High-Achieving Asian and Black STEM Students, AERA Open, 4, 4, 2018. Crossref
-
Bauer Greta R., Scheim Ayden I., Methods for analytic intercategorical intersectionality in quantitative research: Discrimination as a mediator of health inequalities, Social Science & Medicine, 226, 2019. Crossref
-
Nix Samantha, Perez-Felkner Lara, Difficulty Orientations, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity: An Intersectional Analysis of Pathways to STEM Degrees, Social Sciences, 8, 2, 2019. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Ohland Matthew W., Layton Richard A., Comparing student outcomes for women and men in Electrical Engineering to Civil, Chemical, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering in the USA, 2017 27th EAEEIE Annual Conference (EAEEIE), 2017. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Ohland Matthew W., Layton Richard A., Camacho Michelle M., Beyond pipeline and pathways: Ecosystem metrics, Journal of Engineering Education, 108, 1, 2019. Crossref
-
Gupta Namrata, Intersectionality of gender and caste in academic performance: quantitative study of an elite Indian engineering institute, Gender, Technology and Development, 23, 2, 2019. Crossref
-
Ikuma Laura H., Steele Adrienne, Dann Summer, Adio Oluwakemi, Waggenspack Warren N., Large‐scale student programs increase persistence in STEM fields in a public university setting, Journal of Engineering Education, 108, 1, 2019. Crossref
-
Sparks David M., Pole Kathryn, “Do we teach subjects or students?” Analyzing science and mathematics teacher conversations about issues of equity in the classroom, School Science and Mathematics, 119, 7, 2019. Crossref
-
Reichenbach Kelsey, Reynante Brandon, Educating Change-Makers, Proceedings of FabLearn 2019, 2019. Crossref
-
Hoople Gordon D., Choi-Fitzpatrick Austin, Drones for Good, 2020. Crossref
-
Esquinca Alberto, Herrera-Rocha Lidia, Board 90: Latinx Persistence In and Beyond the Degree: Intersections of Gender and Ethnicity (Research), 2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, 2019. Crossref
-
Bowen Corin L., Johnson Aaron W., Powell Kenneth G., Critical Analyses of Outcomes of Marginalized Undergraduate Engineering Students, 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2020. Crossref
-
Jackson Zachary A., Harvey I. Shevon, Sherman Ledric D., The Impact of Discrimination Beyond Sense of Belonging: Predicting College Students’ Confidence in Their Ability to Graduate, Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 2020. Crossref
-
Sharbine Mackenzie, Huff James, Sochaka Nicola, Walther Joachim, From Outsider to Advocate: The Experience of Shame as a Minority Student in Engineering Education, 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2020. Crossref
-
Wilson Denise, Summers Lauren, Wright Joanna, Board 158: Engagement Patterns Across Race, Gender and Family Income in Engineering Classrooms, 2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings, 2019. Crossref
-
Garcia-Holgado Alicia, Gonzalez-Gonzalez Carina S., Peixoto Aruquia, A Comparative Study on the Support in Engineering Courses: A Case Study in Brazil and Spain, IEEE Access, 8, 2020. Crossref
-
Ong Maria, Jaumot‐Pascual Nuria, Ko Lily T., Research literature on women of color in undergraduate engineering education: A systematic thematic synthesis, Journal of Engineering Education, 109, 3, 2020. Crossref
-
Knight David B., Grohs Jacob R., Bradburn Isabel S., Kinoshita Timothy J., Vaziri Stacey, M. Matusovich Holly, Carrico Cheryl, Illuminating inequality in access: Variation in enrollment in undergraduate engineering programs across Virginia's high schools, Journal of Engineering Education, 109, 4, 2020. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Orr Marisa K., Ohland M.W., Long R. A., Ebrahiminejad H., Al Yagoub H., Layton Richard A., Expanding Access to MIDFIELD: Strategies for Sharing Data Infrastructure for Research, 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2020. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Orr Marisa K., Ohland M.W., Long R. A., Layton Richard A., Is MIDFIELD for me? Exploring the Multiple Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development, 2021 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2021. Crossref
-
Villanueva Alarcón Idalis, Downey Robert Jamaal, Nadelson Louis, Bouwma-Gearhart Jana, Choi YoonHa, Light Blue Walls and Tan Flooring: A Culture of Belonging in Engineering Making Spaces (or Not?), Education Sciences, 11, 9, 2021. Crossref
-
Whitcomb Kyle M, Singh Chandralekha, For physics majors, gender differences in introductory physics do not inform future physics performance, European Journal of Physics, 41, 6, 2020. Crossref
-
Whitcomb Kyle M., Singh Chandralekha, Underrepresented minority students receive lower grades and have higher rates of attrition across STEM disciplines: A sign of inequity?, International Journal of Science Education, 43, 7, 2021. Crossref
-
Doerr Katherine, Riegle-Crumb Catherine, Russo-Tait Tatiane, Takasaki Kara, Sassler Sharon, Levitte Yael, Making Merit Work at the Entrance to the Engineering Workforce: Examining Women’s Experiences and Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Sex Roles, 85, 7-8, 2021. Crossref
-
Wankat Phillip C., Progress in Reforming Chemical Engineering Education, Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 4, 1, 2013. Crossref
-
Sparks David M., Przymus Steve Daniel, Silveus Allison, De La Fuente Yohanis, Cartmill Cassandra, Navigating the Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity, Culture, and Gender Identity as an Aspiring Latina STEM Student, Journal of Latinos and Education, 2021. Crossref
-
Magarian James N., Seering Warren P., Characterizing engineering work in a changing world: Synthesis of a typology for engineering students' occupational outcomes, Journal of Engineering Education, 110, 2, 2021. Crossref
-
Polmear Madeline, Chau Anh D., Simmons Denise R., Ethics as an outcome of out-of-class engagement across diverse groups of engineering students, Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 26, 1, 2021. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Ohland Matthew W., Long Russell A., Layton Richard A., Quantitative Exploration of International Female and Male Students in Undergraduate Engineering Programs in the USA, 2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2021. Crossref
-
Witherspoon Eben B., Schunn Christian D., Sources of gender differences in competency beliefs and retention in an introductory premedical science course , Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 59, 5, 2022. Crossref
-
Potvin Geoff, McGough Catherine, Benson Lisa, Boone Hank J., Doyle Jacqueline, Godwin Allison, Kirn Adam, Ma Beverly, Rohde Jacqueline, Ross Monique, Verdin Dina, Gendered Interests in Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering: Intersections With Career Outcome Expectations, IEEE Transactions on Education, 61, 4, 2018. Crossref
-
Ohland Matthew W., Lord Susan M., Layton Richard A., Student Demographics and Outcomes in Civil Engineering in the United States, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141, 4, 2015. Crossref
-
Lunn Stephanie, Zahedi Leila, Ross Monique, Ohland Matthew, Exploration of Intersectionality and Computer Science Demographics, ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 21, 2, 2021. Crossref
-
Lichtenstein Gary, Chen Helen L., Smith Karl A., Maldonado Theresa A., Retention and Persistence of Women and Minorities Along the Engineering Pathway in the United States, in Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research, 2014. Crossref
-
Winberg Simon L., Winberg Christine, Engel-Hills Penelope, Persistence, Resilience and Mathematics in Engineering Transfer Capital, IEEE Transactions on Education, 61, 4, 2018. Crossref
-
Platt Lisa F., Scheitle Christopher P., Dabbs Ellory, Assessing the Professional Development of Sexual Minority Graduate Students in the Sciences through a National Survey, Sexuality & Culture, 26, 3, 2022. Crossref
-
Wilson‐Lopez Amy, Mejia Joel Alejandro, Hasbún Indhira María, Kasun G. Sue, Latina/o Adolescents' Funds of Knowledge Related to Engineering, Journal of Engineering Education, 105, 2, 2016. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Ohland Matthew W., Layton Richard A., Camacho Michelle M., “Not all those who wander are lost.” Examining outcomes for migrating engineering students using ecosystem metrics, 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2018. Crossref
-
Shealy Tripp, Valdes-Vasquez Rodolfo, Klotz Leidy, Potvin Geoff, Godwin Allison, Cribbs Jennifer, Hazari Zahra, Career Outcome Expectations Related to Sustainability among Students Intending to Major in Civil Engineering, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 142, 1, 2016. Crossref
-
Kozlowski Diego, Larivière Vincent, Sugimoto Cassidy R., Monroe-White Thema, Intersectional inequalities in science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119, 2, 2022. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Long Russell A., Layton Richard A., Ohland Matthew W., Orr Marisa K., International Students in Undergraduate Electrical and Information Engineering Programs in the USA, 2022 31st Annual Conference of the European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering (EAEEIE), 2022. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Ohland Matthew W., Orr Marisa K., Layton Richard A., Long Russell A., Brawner Catherine E., Ebrahiminejad Hossein, Martin Baker A., Ricco George D., Zahedi Leila, MIDFIELD: A Resource for Longitudinal Student Record Research, IEEE Transactions on Education, 65, 3, 2022. Crossref
-
Lord Susan M., Long Russell A., Layton Richard A., Orr Marisa K., Ohland Matthew W., Brawner Catherine E., Academic Outcomes of International Students in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, and Mechanical Engineering in the USA, 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2022. Crossref