Analysis of Audio Watermarking Techniques

G. Cano-Rodriguez; Mariko Nakano-Miyatake; Hector Manuel Perez-Meana

doi:10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v65.i8.70

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering

Editor-in-Chief: Yevgeni Koucheryavy (open in a new tab)

Associate Editors: Ammar Muthanna (open in a new tab) Edison Pignaton de Freitas (open in a new tab)

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 0040-2508

ISSN Online: 1943-6009

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Analysis of Audio Watermarking Techniques

Volume 65, Issue 6-10, 2006, pp. 753-762

DOI: 10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v65.i8.70

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G. Cano-Rodriguez
ESIME Culhuacan, National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Mexico

Mariko Nakano-Miyatake
National Polytechnic Institute, IPN, Mexico City

Hector Manuel Perez-Meana
National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico

ABSTRACT

In this paper, three principal audio watermarking schemes are analyzed and summarized. Each audio watermarking scheme was evaluated from the point of view of fidelity and robustness. In the fidelity case the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was used, on the other hand, the watermarked signals were evaluated under several different attacks. Among them the Stirmark for audio, that is a program specifically designed to remove watermarks, in order to prove their robustness. The audio watermarking schemes were classified in three categories: Patchwork, based in the frequency domain, which can be applied to all frequency transforms such as DCT, DFT and DWT, the echo hiding that is based in the time domain and the cepstrum domain.

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