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Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology

Published 4 issues per year

ISSN Print: 0731-8898

ISSN Online: 2162-6537

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In Vitro Protective Effects of Terminalia arjuna Bark Extracts Against the 4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide Genotoxicity

Volume 21, Issue 1, 2002, 12 pages
DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v21.i1.20
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ABSTRACT

We determined the antimutagenic potential of chloroform, acetone, methanol, methanol+HCl, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate extracts of Terminalia arjuna bark against the model mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) using the Salmonella/microsome, comet, and micronucleus (MN) tests. Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain and human peripheral white blood cells were coincubated with various concentrations (from 5 to 500 mg) of the six extracts and 4-NQO (from 0.05 to 2 mg). We found that the 4-NQO mutagenicity was inhibited by more than 70% in the Salmonella/microsome test at the highest nontoxic extract dose of ethyl acetate (50 mg/plate), chloroform (100 (mg/plate), acetone, (100 (mg/plate), and methanol (500 (mg/plate). A less marked antimutagenicity activity (inhibition of about 40—45%) was observed for the acidic methanol and diethyl ether extracts. The comet assay showed that acetone extract (100 mg/mL) was more effective in reducing the DNA damage caused by 4-NQO (ca. 90%), whereas the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether extracts were cytotoxic. In the MN test, the decrease in 4-NQO clastogenicity was observed by testing the mutagen especially with chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (inhibition about 40-45%). The acetone and methanol extracts showed a less marked activity (33% and 37%, respectively). The results of the present study suggest that T. arjuna bark contains some nonpolar as well as polar compounds with antimutagenic activity against 4-NQO. Several explanations can be suggested, but further investigations are necessary to definitely identify the active compounds.

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  1. Sivalokanathan Sarveswaran, Ilayaraja Muthaiyan, Balasubramanian Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy, Antioxidant activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 281, 1-2, 2006. Crossref

  2. Pádua P.F.M.R., Dihl R.R., Lehmann M., de Abreu B.R.R., Richter M.F., de Andrade H.H.R., Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and phytochemical assessment of Terminalia actinophylla ethanolic extract, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 2013. Crossref

  3. Paarakh Padmaa M, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn. : A Review, International Journal of Pharmacology, 6, 5, 2010. Crossref

  4. Verma Nibha, Vinayak Manjula, Effect of Terminalia arjuna on antioxidant defense system in cancer, Molecular Biology Reports, 36, 1, 2009. Crossref

  5. Kapoor Divya, Vijayvergiya Rajesh, Dhawan Veena, Terminalia arjuna in coronary artery disease: Ethnopharmacology, pre-clinical, clinical & safety evaluation, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155, 2, 2014. Crossref

  6. Wang Wei, Ali Zulfiqar, Shen Yunheng, Li Xing-Cong, Khan Ikhlas A., Ursane triterpenoids from the bark of Terminalia arjuna, Fitoterapia, 81, 6, 2010. Crossref

  7. Kaur Prabhjit, Kaur Satwinderjeet, Kumar Neeraj, Singh Bikram, Kumar Subodh, Evaluation of antigenotoxic activity of isoliquiritin apioside from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Toxicology in Vitro, 23, 4, 2009. Crossref

  8. Hovhannisyan Galina, Aroutiounian Rouben, Glei Michael, Butyrate reduces the frequency of micronuclei in human colon carcinoma cells in vitro, Toxicology in Vitro, 23, 6, 2009. Crossref

  9. Sivalokanathan Sarveswaran, Effects of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12, 7, 2006. Crossref

  10. Masoodi Khalid Z., Amin Insha, Mansoor Sheikh, Ahmed Nazeer, Altay Volkan, Ozturk Munir, Botanicals from the Himalayas with anticancer potential: an emphasis on the Kashmir Himalayas, in Biodiversity and Biomedicine, 2020. Crossref

  11. Imadi Sameen Ruqia, Mahmood Isra, Gul Alvina, Medicinal Plants Against Cancer, in Plant and Human Health, Volume 1, 2018. Crossref

  12. Greco Giulia, Turrini Eleonora, Tacchini Massimo, Maresca Immacolata, Fimognari Carmela, The Alcoholic Bark Extract of Terminalia Arjuna Exhibits Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Activity on Jurkat Leukemia Cells, Venoms and Toxins, 1, 1, 2021. Crossref

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