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Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems

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ISSN Print: 0743-4863

ISSN Online: 2162-660X

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 2.7 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 3.6 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.8 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00023 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.39 SJR: 0.42 SNIP: 0.89 CiteScore™:: 5.5 H-Index: 79

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Approaches to Oral Drug Delivery for Challenging Molecules

Volume 23, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 111-135
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v23.i2.20
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ABSTRACT

Advances in biotechnology, high throughput screening and computational chemistry have led to a considerable increase in the number of protein and peptide therapeutics and other macromolecular drugs. Working with macromolecules, however, poses a number of challenges that must be overcome to successfully develop these compounds into safe and effective therapeutics. Significant efforts in pharmaceutical and academic laboratories have been expended in finding ways to deliver macromolecular drug molecules by the oral route, which can significantly improve patient compliance, convenience, and efficacy. Nevertheless, for a drug molecule to be orally bioavailable, it has to overcome the natural physiological processes of breaking down molecules in the gastrointestinal tract, and to traverse a relatively impermeable epithelial layer of cells that line the gastrointestinal tract. This article provides a summary of the challenges that researchers need to surmount in the development of orally absorbable peptide and protein drugs, and gives an overview of the novel approaches currently in progress in the field of oral delivery.

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