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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WATER VAPORIZATION AND ITS INDUCED FORMATION DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

Volume 16, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 89-96
DOI: 10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i2.10
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ABSTRACT

Water vaporization and its induced damage around the wellbore are important issues with a wide application. This phenomenon may be observed wherever dry gas is injected into gas and oil reservoirs in the presence of connate water. Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), pressure maintenance or storage purposes and carbon dioxide sequestrations in aquifers are examples where it could happen. There are two counteracting factors existing in vaporization phenomenon; water saturation decrease and induced permeability impairment by salt precipitation in the porous medium. Water saturation decrease tends to raise injectivity or productivity by providing a higher share of passage to the gas. Salt precipitation tends to reduce injectivity or productivity due to the damages induced. The interaction of these two factors determines how productivity or injectivity will alter. It is a very new subject finding its interest in application; however limited research has been done on this up to now and many aspects are still unknown. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of water vaporization on injectivity for core samples of an Iranian sandstone gas reservoir candidate for gas storage. The injection gas used for the drying-out process is taken from a refinery nearby the reservoir to be injected and stored. It is a refined gas (mainly methane) for people's daily use. The experiment is conducted at atmospheric conditions; however the reservoir itself is at high temperature and pressure. The different thermodynamic conditions applied here only change the maximum amount of water that the gas can carry and will have no impact on the process behavior and damages induced since they are controlled by precipitated salts and decrease in water saturation According to the results, the medium with higher permeability experiences an improved injectivity during gas injection while the medium with lower permeability experiences an impaired injectivity. Then the distribution of each medium around the wellbore dictates if a field application would face injectivity increase or decrease. Finally, the interaction of the two effective factors mentioned above differs for each porous medium and water system. Therefore, an experimental investigation for each system should be performed in absence of a general formulation for injectivity or productivity alteration because of water vaporization around the wellbore.

CITED BY
  1. Wasch Laura J., Wollenweber Jens, Tambach Tim J., Intentional salt clogging: a novel concept for long-term CO2sealing, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 3, 6, 2013. Crossref

  2. Tang Yong, Yang Ruizhi, Du Zhimin, Zeng Fanhua, Experimental Study of Formation Damage Caused by Complete Water Vaporization and Salt Precipitation in Sandstone Reservoirs, Transport in Porous Media, 107, 1, 2015. Crossref

  3. Jeddizahed Javad, Rostami Behzad, Experimental investigation of injectivity alteration due to salt precipitation during CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers, Advances in Water Resources, 96, 2016. Crossref

  4. Miri Rohaldin, Hellevang Helge, Salt precipitation during CO 2 storage—A review, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 51, 2016. Crossref

  5. Zhao Ruirui, Cheng Jianmei, Effects of temperature on salt precipitation due to formation dry-out during CO2 injection in saline aquifers, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 7, 4, 2017. Crossref

  6. Tang Yong, Yang Ruizhi, Kang Xingmei, Modeling the effect of water vaporization and salt precipitation on reservoir properties due to carbon dioxide sequestration in a depleted gas reservoir, Petroleum, 4, 4, 2018. Crossref

  7. Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams, Forsetløkken Sindre Langås, Lien Jhon-eirik, Ursin Jann Rune, The Coupled Effect of Fines Mobilization and Salt Precipitation on CO2 Injectivity, Energies, 10, 8, 2017. Crossref

  8. Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams, Ursin Jann Rune, The coupled effect of salt precipitation and fines mobilization on CO2injectivity in sandstone, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 8, 6, 2018. Crossref

  9. Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams, Ursin Jann Rune, Boakye Patrick, Experimental Investigation of the Mechanisms of Salt Precipitation during CO2 Injection in Sandstone, C, 5, 1, 2019. Crossref

  10. Zhang Yizhong, Zhang Maolin, Mei Haiyan, Zeng Fanhua, Study on salt precipitation induced by formation brine flow and its effect on a high-salinity tight gas reservoir, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 183, 2019. Crossref

  11. Grimm Lima Marina, Schädle Philipp, Green Christopher P., Vogler Daniel, Saar Martin O., Kong Xiang‐Zhao, Permeability Impairment and Salt Precipitation Patterns During CO 2 Injection Into Single Natural Brine‐Filled Fractures , Water Resources Research, 56, 8, 2020. Crossref

  12. Peysson Yannick, André Laurent, Azaroual Mohamed, Well injectivity during CO2 storage operations in deep saline aquifers—Part 1: Experimental investigation of drying effects, salt precipitation and capillary forces, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 22, 2014. Crossref

  13. A. Sokama-Neuyam Yen, A.M. Yusof Muhammad, K. Owusu Shadrack, CO2 Injectivity in Deep Saline Formations: The Impact of Salt Precipitation and Fines Mobilization, in Carbon Sequestration [Working Title], 2022. Crossref

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