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High Temperature Material Processes: An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes

Published 4 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1093-3611

ISSN Online: 1940-4360

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 0.4 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.1 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00005 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.07 SJR: 0.198 SNIP: 0.48 CiteScore™:: 1.1 H-Index: 20

Indexed in

HIGH-POWER AC ARCS IN METALLURGICAL FURNACES

Volume 5, Issue 1, 2001, 23 pages
DOI: 10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v5.i1.20
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ABSTRACT

A typical three-phase submerged-arc furnace for production of silicon metal and ferrosilicon has electrode currents ~100 kA, phase voltages ~100 V and total furnace power ~10 - 60 MW. The arcs burn in gas filled cavities or "craters", where the main atomic components of the plasma mixture are silicon, oxygen and carbon. Two quite different simulation models for high-current AC arcs have been developed: the simple PC based Channel Arc Model (CAM) [1], and the more sophisticated Magneto-Fluid-Dynamic (MFD) model, which is here described in some detail. The coupling between the arcs and the AC power source is described by a complete three-phase Electric Circuit Model.
Modelling results for ~1 kA laboratory AC arcs agree satisfactorily with electrical measurements. In the industrial ~100 kA case the simulations clearly show that the maximum possible arc length is 5 − 10 cm, which is much less than previously assumed.
Preliminary results with a Cathode Sub-Model for high-current AC arcs indicate that the cathode current density varies considerably during an AC period, while the spot radius remains almost constant.
Model simulations further show that the influence of the easily ionised contaminants Ca and Al on arc behaviour is much less than expected. Preliminary studies of the effect of Fe vapour on the plasma properties suggest that modelling results obtained for silicon metal are also applicable to ferrosilicon furnaces.
Arc splitting - i.e. several parallel arcs appearing simultaneously - may also play a role in the furnace craters.

CITED BY
  1. Murphy A B, Tanaka M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro S, Sato T, Lowke J J, Modelling of thermal plasmas for arc welding: the role of the shielding gas properties and of metal vapour, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42, 19, 2009. Crossref

  2. Fulcheri Laurent, Fabry Fréderic, Takali Sabri, Rohani Vandad, Three-Phase AC Arc Plasma Systems: A Review, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 35, 4, 2015. Crossref

  3. Li He-Ping, Zhang Xiao-Ning, Xia Wei-Dong, A numerical model of non-equilibrium thermal plasmas. II. Governing equations, Physics of Plasmas, 20, 3, 2013. Crossref

  4. Escobar Agustín Márquez, de Lange Dirk F., Medellín Castillo Hugo I., Simplified plasma channel formation model for the electrical discharge machining process, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 1-2, 2020. Crossref

  5. Tesfahunegn Yonatan A., Saevarsdottir Gudrun, Magnusson Thordur, Tangstad Merete, The Effect of Frequency on Current Distributions Inside Submerged Arc Furnace, 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO), 2018. Crossref

  6. Tesfahunegn Yonatan Afework, Magnusson Thordur, Tangstad Merete, Saevarsdottir Gudrun, Dynamic Current Distribution in the Electrodes of Submerged Arc Furnace Using Scalar and Vector Potentials, in Computational Science – ICCS 2018, 10861, 2018. Crossref

  7. Elkin K. S., Sivtsov A. V., Elkin D. K., Karlina A. I., Use of Silicon Carbide Materials in Reduction Smelting of Metallic Silicon and Siliceous Ferroalloys, Metallurgist, 66, 1-2, 2022. Crossref

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