Published 12 issues per year
ISSN Print: 1044-5110
ISSN Online: 1936-2684
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LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF DROPLET STOKES NUMBER EFFECTS ON TURBULENT SPRAY SHAPE
ABSTRACT
The spatial and temporal development of a spray strongly depends on the local characteristics of turbulence. The turbulence-droplet coupling gives rise to droplet dispersion, which is the underlaying physical phenomenon of interest in this study. Large eddy simulations (LES) provide details of the instantaneous flow field and anisotropy of the larger scales. Hence, LES has the potential of improved spray simulations inflows that are highly nonisotropic/nonstationary. A numerical study on the effect of droplet diameter (d) on spray shape is described by carefully varying d. The droplets are assumed to be non-interacting with each other. They are also assumed to maintain their shape and diameter. The droplet Stokes numbers are within the range 0.07 ≤ Stp ≤ 2.56, corresponding to diameters 2 ≤ d ≤ 12 μm for a common liquid fuel. In order to emulate a fuel spray, a droplet-laden jet at Re = 10, 000 and Ma = 0.3 is considered as a model problem that avoids the dense spray regime. A novel technique to visualize the simulated sprays in a realistic manner is presented, and a qualitative comparison to a diesel spray experiments is made. It is shown that the spray-cloud shape depends strongly on droplet Stokes number. A spray penetration correlation formula is suggested. The nonlinear character of the droplet-eddy interaction and its dependence on droplet size is studied by visualization of droplet trajectories. We show that the spray behavior can be coherently explained by considering the statistical properties of the droplet cloud. The results show that the instantaneous/short-time-averaged probability density functions (PDFs) of droplet statistics explain very coherently the Stp dependency of the spray shape. The PDFs of the axial and radial components of droplet-gas slip velocity (ug − up) are used to explain the visual observations on the spray cloud evolution.
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Vuorinen Ville, Wehrfritz Armin, Yu Jingzhou, Kaario Ossi, Larmi Martti, Boersma Bendiks Jan, Large-Eddy Simulation of Subsonic Jets, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 318, 3, 2011. Crossref
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Vuorinen Ville Anton, Hillamo Harri, Kaario Ossi, Nuutinen Mika, Larmi Martti, Fuchs Laszlo, Effect of Droplet Size and Atomization on Spray Formation: A Priori Study Using Large-Eddy Simulation, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 86, 3-4, 2011. Crossref
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Vuorinen V., Larmi M., Schlatter P., Fuchs L., Boersma B.J., A low-dissipative, scale-selective discretization scheme for the Navier–Stokes equations, Computers & Fluids, 70, 2012. Crossref
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Robert Anthony, Martinez Lionel, Tillou Julien, Richard Stéphane, Eulerian – Eulerian Large Eddy Simulations Applied to Non-Reactive Transient Diesel Sprays, Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, 69, 1, 2014. Crossref
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Vuorinen V., Keskinen J.-P., Duwig C., Boersma B.J., On the implementation of low-dissipative Runge–Kutta projection methods for time dependent flows using OpenFOAM®, Computers & Fluids, 93, 2014. Crossref
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Wang Bing, Zhang Huiqiang, Wang Xilin, Large Eddy Simulation of Inertial Particle Preferential Dispersion in a Turbulent Flow over a Backward-Facing Step, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 5, 2013. Crossref
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Vuorinen V., Chaudhari A., Keskinen J.-P., Large-eddy simulation in a complex hill terrain enabled by a compact fractional step OpenFOAM® solver, Advances in Engineering Software, 79, 2015. Crossref
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Keskinen Jukka-Pekka, Vuorinen Ville, Kaario Ossi, Larmi Martti, Large Eddy Simulation of the Intake Flow in a Realistic Single Cylinder Configuration, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2012. Crossref
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Keskinen Jukka-Pekka, Vuorinen Ville, Larmi Martti, Large Eddy Simulation of Flow over a Valve in a Simplified Cylinder Geometry, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2011. Crossref
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Wehrfritz Armin, Kaario Ossi, Vuorinen Ville, Somers Bart, Large Eddy Simulation of n-dodecane spray flames using Flamelet Generated Manifolds, Combustion and Flame, 167, 2016. Crossref
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Grosshans Holger, Cao Le, Fuchs Laszlo, Szász Robert-Zoltán, Computational sensitivity study of spray dispersion and mixing on the fuel properties in a gas turbine combustor, Fluid Dynamics Research, 49, 2, 2017. Crossref
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Ottenwaelder Tamara, Pischinger Stefan, Comparing Large Eddy Simulation of a Reacting Fuel Spray with Measured Quantitative Flame Parameters, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2018. Crossref
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Dias Ribeiro Mateus, Bimbato Alex Mendonça, Zanardi Maurício Araújo, Balestieri José Antônio Perrella, Effect of different parameters on mixture formation and flow field in simulations of an evaporative spray injection test case, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 40, 5, 2018. Crossref
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Ren Xiaohua, Zhang Lei, Ji Zhongli, Simulation of diesel spray combustion using LES and a multicomponent vapourisation model, Combustion Theory and Modelling, 23, 1, 2019. Crossref
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Yang Mian, Chen Yuanpei, Shao Yiming, Effects of different droplet dispersion modeling methods on diesel spray simulation in Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 235, 6, 2021. Crossref
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Yang Mian, Yuan Chenheng, Chen Yuanpei, Shao Yiming, Numerical study on turbulent dispersion of diesel sprays under ultrahigh injection pressure using large eddy simulation, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020. Crossref
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Gadalla Mahmoud, Kannan Jeevananthan, Tekgül Bulut, Karimkashi Shervin, Kaario Ossi, Vuorinen Ville, Large-Eddy Simulation of ECN Spray A: Sensitivity Study on Modeling Assumptions, Energies, 13, 13, 2020. Crossref
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Gadalla Mahmoud, Kannan Jeevananthan, Tekgül Bulut, Karimkashi Shervin, Kaario Ossi, Vuorinen Ville, Large-eddy simulation of tri-fuel combustion: Diesel spray assisted ignition of methanol-hydrogen blends, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46, 41, 2021. Crossref