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Atomization and Sprays

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1044-5110

ISSN Online: 1936-2684

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Indexed in

EFFECT OF ETHANOL AND AMBIENT PRESSURE ON PORT-FUEL-INJECTION SPRAYS IN AN OPTICALLY ACCESSIBLE INTAKE CHAMBER

Volume 21, Issue 5, 2011, pp. 427-445
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2011003823
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ABSTRACT

Ethanol-blended gasoline fuels are penetrating the market due to the renewable nature of ethanol and an anti-knock benefit associated with ethanol's higher octane number. Although ethanol usage is already popular in gasoline engines using port fuel injection (PFI), little fundamental information is available regarding important spray parameters. To address this issue, PFI sprays were studied in an optical chamber simulating boosted intake conditions. Using a high-resolution CCD camera, Mie-scattered spray images were obtained and processed to determine spray-tip penetration, mean droplet diameter, and number of droplets. The ethanol-to-gasoline ratio was varied to investigate the effect of ethanol blending on these spray parameters. Mie-scattering imaging was also performed for various intake pressures considering turbocharged or supercharged conditions. From the experiments, expected trends were observed such as increasing tip penetration and decreasing mean droplet diameter with increasing time after the start of injection. Evidence of droplet breakup and evaporation during the spray penetration was also identified from detailed analysis of mean droplet diameters and number of droplets. Unexpected trends were also observed from ethanol sprays. Despite its lower vapor pressure, higher boiling point, and higher heat of vaporization, ethanol sprays showed a lower tip penetration and smaller droplet size than gasoline. The multicomponent nature of conventional gasoline was used to explain this trend: Heavy molecules of gasoline break up and evaporate at a slower rate than ethanol. It was also found that increased ambient pressure caused a shorter spray-tip penetration due to higher ambient drag. By contrast, the mean droplet diameter was larger for higher ambient pressure because of decreased evaporation rate associated with increased saturation temperature. The fundamental information obtained in this study will help develop commercially viable ethanol-fueled engines without compromising high-power performance.

CITED BY
  1. Padala Srinivas, Le Minh Khoi, Kook Sanghoon, Hawkes Evatt R., Imaging diagnostics of ethanol port fuel injection sprays for automobile engine applications, Applied Thermal Engineering, 52, 1, 2013. Crossref

  2. Padala Srinivas, Woo Changhwan, Kook Sanghoon, Hawkes Evatt R., Ethanol utilisation in a diesel engine using dual-fuelling technology, Fuel, 109, 2013. Crossref

  3. Venugopal Thangavel, Ramesh Asvathanarayanan, Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine with simultaneous injection of n-butanol and gasoline in comparison to blended butanol and gasoline, International Journal of Energy Research, 38, 8, 2014. Crossref

  4. Boggavarapu Prasad, Ravikrishna R. V., A Review on Atomization and Sprays of Biofuels for IC Engine Applications, International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics, 5, 2, 2013. Crossref

  5. Fajgenbaum Renata, Gonçalves dos Santos Rogério, Influence of fuel temperature on atomization parameters in a pressure-swirl atomizer from a port fuel injector by Shadowgraphy technique, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 38, 7, 2016. Crossref

  6. Bao Yongming, Chan Qing Nian, Kook Sanghoon, Hawkes Evatt, Spray Penetrations of Ethanol, Gasoline and Iso-Octane in an Optically Accessible Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine, SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 7, 3, 2014. Crossref

  7. Bao Yongming, Chan Qing Nian, Kook Sanghoon, Hawkes Evatt, A Comparative Analysis on the Spray Penetration of Ethanol, Gasoline and Iso-Octane Fuel in a Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2014. Crossref

  8. No Soo-Young, Bioethanol in Advanced CI Engines, in Application of Liquid Biofuels to Internal Combustion Engines, 2019. Crossref

  9. Padala Srinivas, Kook Sanghoon, Hawkes Evatt R., Effect of Ethanol Port-Fuel-Injector Position on Dual-Fuel Combustion in an Automotive-Size Diesel Engine, Energy & Fuels, 28, 1, 2014. Crossref

  10. Padala Srinivas, Das Pranab, Gogeri Iranna, Singh Yograj, Singh Rajkumar, Investigation of Emission Performance of Green Diesel and Naphtha Blends in a Passenger Vehicle, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2022. Crossref

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