Published 8 issues per year
ISSN Print: 2150-3621
ISSN Online: 2150-363X
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ROAD VEHICLE SIMULATION MODEL FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PETRODIESEL AND BIODIESEL
ABSTRACT
In the current paper, a new simulation model for light-duty vehicle compression ignition diesel/bio-diesel internal combustion engines is presented. Main inputs are engine (maximum power and respective engine speed, maximum torque and respective engine speed, and displacement) and vehicle characteristics (weight, aerodynamics, tires, gearbox ratio, and others). The engine simulator was called the diesel engine map builder (DEMB). The engine fuel consumption calculation is based on correlations for indicated efficiency and frictions losses using also a lower heating value of the fuel and engine specifications. HC, CO, NOx, and PM are calculated by correlations as a function of fuel consumption, load, and engine speed, derived from experimental data of a Mercedes Vaneo 1.7CDi engine, and CO2, H2O, and SO2 are calculated from a mass balance.
This model, after integration with a road vehicle simulator (EcoGest), was used to simulate and compare the in-use fuel consumption and engine emissions (HC, CO, NOx, PM, SO2, and CO2) of the use of petrodiesel, biodiesel, and blends in a Citroen C5 1.6HDi under the new European driving cycle (NEDC) driving conditions. The DEMB presented maximum and minimum errors for fuel consumption of 20% and 48%, respectively, and an average error of about 1% when compared to the BMW 320D and Mercedes 1.7Cdi engines.
The DEMB combined with EcoGest were validated using 1.3 liter (automobile) to 6.8 liter (heavy-duty) engines throughout the NEDC. Results indicate that the maximum errors obtained were 12% (average 7%) for fuel consumption, and for emissions errors of one order above were encountered because emissions change due to cold start-up were not considered. Biodiesel results were not validated because of the lack of experimental results, but are qualitatively what was expected.