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Atomization and Sprays

Publicado 12 números por año

ISSN Imprimir: 1044-5110

ISSN En Línea: 1936-2684

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Indexed in

EFFECT OF NON-AXISYMMETRIC INLET PORTS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON DROP DYNAMICS OF AN INTERNAL MIXING ATOMIZER

Volumen 33, Edición 2, 2023, pp. 1-29
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2022042993
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SINOPSIS

The effect of a non-axisymmetric inlet ports configuration of an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer on the spray characteristics is experimentally investigated. Inside the atomizer, two water jets are impinged on each other and are further disrupted by a central gas stream coming from the top. The operating conditions consider the variation of the gas mass flow rate at Reynolds and Weber numbers in the order of 104−105. Phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) measurements at four radial, four axial, and two perpendicular azimuthal positions are combined with a patternator device to obtain droplet size, axial velocity, and mass flux distributions. An approach for evaluating the overall spray asymmetry based on the mass flux distributions is proposed, which enabled the detection of slight asymmetries throughout the azimuthal direction, where especially differences in droplet sizes and velocities measured between the two azimuthal positions are observed. Higher Sauter mean diameters (SMDs) and lower velocities in regions of the spray with higher liquid mass flux are observed when compared to the azimuthal position perpendicular to it. In general, the liquid is considerably faster in the spray center than at the boundaries, where the fluctuating component of the velocity is higher due to the interaction of small droplets with the surrounding air. Overall, an increase in the gas flow rate reduces the droplet sizes and increases the velocity across the spray.

Figures

  • Flowchart of the experimental facility
  • (a) Nozzle geometry and positions for the PDA measurements (out of scale), (b) top view of the
nozzle with the coordinate system in the azimuthal direction, and (c) radial distribution of the PDA measuring
points at each axial distance from the nozzle. The black-filled dots stand for the PDA measurements
laying at  = 180°, while the white-filled triangles represent the PDA measurement points at the azimuthal
position of 270°. The dimensions in the pictures are provided in millimeters.
  • Patternator (a) side view of the central row section, (b) top view with dimensions and with the
indication of the direction of the water jets, and (c) closer top view of a section of the patternator
  • (a) Atomizer and patternator centers alignment (out of scale) and (b) laser projection from the
nozzle outlet onto the patternator
  • (a) Typical mass flux distribution map of the spray along with the radial position at different
quadrants. The black dots represent the PDA measurements at the azimuthal position of 180° (in the 3rd
quadrant), while the white triangles stand for the PDA measurements at  = 270° (4th quadrant). (b) Mass
flux along the entire circumference and mean mass flux for the radial position of 25 mm.
  • Mass flux distributions at z = 335 mm downstream the nozzle (a)–(c) and their respective radial
profiles in each quadrant (d)–(f) for a gas flow rate as indicated in the panels. The standard deviations in
figures (d)–(f) are calculated based on the interpolated values along each concentric circumference (at each
radial position). Note that in some cases the error bars are smaller than the symbol size and thus cannot be
seen.
  • Mass flux distribution at z = 335 mm downstream of the nozzle for a constant gas mass flow rate
and (a) 1400 kg/h of water and (b) 2200 kg/h of water
  • (a) Radial profile of the spray asymmetry and (b) overall spray asymmetry
  • (a) Spatial distribution of the SMD for  = 180° and 46 kg/h of air. Radial profiles of the droplet
SMDs averaged over the axial direction for both azimuthal planes for the air mass flow rates of (b) 46 kg/h,
(c) 56 kg/h, and (d) 69 kg/h. Note that in some cases the error bars are smaller than the symbol size and
thus cannot be seen.
  • Droplet size distributions at an axial position of 335 mm for the azimuthal plane of 180° (left) and
270° (right) for the air mass flow rates of (a) and (d) 46 kg/h, (b) and (e) 56 kg/h, and (c) and (f) 69 kg/h
  • (a) Mass-flux-weighted SMD at different operating conditions. Mass-flux-weighted density distributions
for the three gas mass flow rates considering the four quadrants (b), at  = 180° (3rd quadrant)
(c), and at  = 270° (4th quadrant) (d).
  • Radial profiles of axial velocities averaged over the axial direction for both azimuthal planes for
the air mass flow rates of (a) 46 kg/h, (b) 56 kg/h, and (c) 69 kg/h
  • Comparison of the correlation between droplet size and axial velocity for the complete data set
and the respective floating average at r = 0 mm for operating condition 1
  • Correlation between axial velocity and droplet size at an axial distance of 335 mm and at the
different radial positions for (a) operating condition 1, (b) operating condition 2, and (c) operating condition
3. All the data correspond to the azimuthal position of 180°.
  • Spatial distribution of RMS velocities at the azimuthal planes of 180° (left) and 270° (right) for
the air mass flow rates of (a) and (d) 46 kg/h, (b) and (e) 56 kg/h, and (c) and (f) 69 kg/h
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