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International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment

Publicado 8 números por año

ISSN Imprimir: 2150-3621

ISSN En Línea: 2150-363X

SJR: 0.597 SNIP: 1.456 CiteScore™:: 3.7 H-Index: 18

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INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT/HEAVY METALS AND Al-Si PHASES FORMED FROM COMBUSTIBLE SOLID RESIDUES

Volumen 8, Edición 1, 2007, pp. 33-49
DOI: 10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v8.i1.30
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SINOPSIS

This paper discusses the characteristics of inorganic solid particles with an emphasis on the relationships between the light/heavy metals and the ash matrix Al-Si compounds during ash solidification. The electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the final ash shows the distribution of major elements Al and Si in different phases such as crystalline mullite, corundum, and aluminosilicate glass. It also illustrates that the majority of the Cr coexists with the corundum phase, while Cd, Pb, Na, and K coexist with mullite and aluminosilicate glass. A quantitative analysis of the EPMA results indicates that the surface of the ash particle contains 15.8% (concentration ratio) more of Na and 14.3% more of K than at the core. However, the concentration ratio of Pb and Cd is more at the core (11.8% and 13.2%, respectively) than the surface. The 27Al and 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR-MAS) and X-ray diffractometry studies also support the formation of three phases in the final ash. The formation of mullite and aluminosilicate amorphous phases is indicated by the presence of 27Al NMR peaks at 50 ppm (AlO4 tetrahedral group), 8 ppm (AlO6 octahedral group), and a broad 29Si NMR peak at −99 ppm. The 23Na NMR spectra show a broad peak around −28.7 ppm due to the Na+ present to compensate SiO. During ash evolution, Cr+ replaces Al+ in its octahedral sites of corundum/mullite, while Pb+ and Cd+ either fill oxygen vacancy in mullite or form stable compounds with the glass phase. The results clearly indicate the interaction between light/heavy metals and ash Al−Si matrix compounds.

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