Abonnement à la biblothèque: Guest
International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment

Publication de 8  numéros par an

ISSN Imprimer: 2150-3621

ISSN En ligne: 2150-363X

SJR: 0.597 SNIP: 1.456 CiteScore™:: 3.7 H-Index: 18

Indexed in

MECHANISMS OF FIRE SUPPRESSION BY HALONS AND HALON REPLACEMENTS: A REVIEW

Volume 4, Numéro 2, 2003, 72 pages
DOI: 10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v4.i2.40
Get accessGet access

RÉSUMÉ

In spite of their effectiveness as flame suppressants, the manufacture of Halons was stopped in 1994 due to their large stratospheric ozone depletion capabilities, in order to comply with the Montreal Protocol. The resulting need for alternative flame suppressants has prompted extensive efforts to better understand flame suppression mechanisms and to develop environmentally acceptable Halon replacements. These efforts are reviewed in the present article, limited to flames involving either hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels reacting with oxygen due to their relative tractability for detailed numerical simulations. The article begins with consideration of ozone chemistry in the stratosphere in order to highlight the transport and chemical reaction properties of flame suppressants that are responsible for ozone depletion. Recent experimental and computational studies of laminar premixed hydrogen-fueled flames are then considered in order to establish capabilities to predict the fundamental properties of these flames, e.g., their unstretched laminar burning velocities and their flame response to stretch as characterized by Markstein numbers. These results are then extended to consider effects of flame suppressants on the properties of laminar premixed hydrogen-fueled flames. The flame suppressant results show that they mainly function by reducing the concentrations of chain-carrying radicals (H and OH among others) in the reaction zone of flames with corresponding reduced reaction rates causing reduced laminar burning velocities and enhanced effects of extinction. An interesting corollary of this effect, however, is that reduced radical concentrations in the reaction zone also promotes preferential-diffusion/stretch instabilities that enhance flame reaction rates and tend to resist the action of flame suppressants. The new understanding of effects of flame suppressants on radical concentrations in flames is then exploited to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of flame suppression for both chemically-active and chemically-passive flame suppressants in both premixed and nonpremixed flames. These considerations help to identify the potential of various substances to act as effective flame suppressants but with negligible stratospheric ozone depletion potentials. Among these, water mist exhibits flame suppression capabilities potentially comparable to Halon 1301 but with little potential impact on the environment, including ozone depletion; therefore, additional study and development of methods of flame suppression by water mist clearly are merited.

CITÉ PAR
  1. Png Zhuang Mao, Soo Xiang Yun Debbie, Chua Ming Hui, Ong Pin Jin, Xu Jianwei, Zhu Qiang, Triazine derivatives as organic phase change materials with inherently low flammability, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 10, 7, 2022. Crossref

Prochains articles

APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL FOR CASSAVA FERMENTATION WASTEWATER TREATMENT Anwar Ma'ruf, Agus Mulyadi Purnawanto, Latiful Hayat, Novi Astuti Experimental and regression analysis of C. I engine powered by diesel surrogate fuel from waste lubricating oil using microwave pyrolysis Mohammad Nematullah Nasim, Ravindra Babu Yarasu, Satish J. Suryawanshi PREFACE sachindra Rout, Kamalakanta Muduli, Jnana Ranjan Senapati, Aruna Kumar Behura Thermal analysis and Improvement of Municipal Solid Waste Syngas Combustion applied on Micro Gas Turbine Amornrat Kaewpradap, Sumrerng Jugjai Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a heat exchanger equipped with fins of different materials and geometries Abin Roy, Uddala Sreekanth, Joel Ashirvadam, Saboor Shaik, Aruna Kumar Behura, Bibin B.S Low-Cost Photovoltaic Emulator With a High-Dynamic Response for Small Satellite Applications Mauricio Troviano, Germán G. Oggier Collection efficiency analysis and structure optimization of fugitive fumes from aluminum electrolysis based on multi-field coupling Shuichang Liu, Qingyu Wang, Yong Zhang, Fengzhao Mao, Huijuan Zhao, Xindan Hu Transient Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Transfer in Cryogenic Storage Tanks Ahmad M. Mahmoud, William E Lear, SA Sherif Pure Ammonia Combustion in a Bidirectional Swirling Flow Alexander Igorevich Guryanov, Oleg A. Evdokimov, Vladimir Burtsev, Nikita Burtsev, Sergey Veretennikov, Valeriy Koshkin CFD modeling of the combustion of Ukrainian coal and biomass in a flare boiler unit TPP-210a Alexandr Baranyuk, Nataliya Dunayevska, Artur Rachinsky, Nikita Vorobyov, Petro Merenger, Evgeniy Shevel An Experimental Study of the Cooling Efficiency on Curved Surfaces with Different Shaped Holes Sergey Veretennikov, Oleg Evdokimov, Anna Kolesova Employing Granulated Bimetallic Nanocomposite of Ni/Cu@CuMOF Nanocomposite in Steam Reforming of Methanol Process for Hydrogen Production Mohammad Saleh-Abadi, Mohsen Rostami, Amir Hamzeh Farajollahi, Rasool Amirkhani, Mahdi Ebrahimi Farshchi, Mahdi Simiari INVESTIGATION THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR COLLECTOR FILLED WITH AL2O3/WATER NANOFLUID UNDER THE CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF AL-HILLA(IRAQ) Nagham Albakry, Ahmed Kadhim Hussein The effect of carbonization temperature on the properties of carbonaceous material obtained from ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) wastes Muhammet Ramazan Eren, Işıl Güneş, Esin Varol THE SOCIAL COST OF CARBON EVALUATION BASED ON CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER GENERATION PLANTS Okan Kon, Ismail Caner
Portail numérique Bibliothèque numérique eBooks Revues Références et comptes rendus Collections Prix et politiques d'abonnement Begell House Contactez-nous Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain