Library Subscription: Guest
Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering

Published 6 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1072-8325

ISSN Online: 1940-431X

SJR: 0.514 SNIP: 0.875 CiteScore™:: 2.4 H-Index: 27

Indexed in

RECKONING WITH THE HARM OF ANTI-BLACKNESS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION: A REPARATORY JUSTICE RESEARCH APPROACH

Volume 28, Issue 2, 2022, pp. 95-110
DOI: 10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.2022036667
Get accessDownload

ABSTRACT

Anti-Blackness has a consistent and insidious influence in engineering study and practice, hindering Black engineers' access and experiences in the classroom and beyond. Within engineering education research, some scholars have sought to understand, describe, and increase the presence of Black people in the discipline. However, their research approaches have sustained many of the same anti-Black practices and perspectives endemic to engineering in the United States. We present this position paper to initiate a discussion regarding harms caused in engineering education research that are specifically anti-Black in nature, and to prompt exploration of reparatory justice as a framework to reimagine research about Black people in engineering. We draw on the work of Joyce E. King's reparatory justice curriculum as a conceptual framework calling for undoing mis-education regarding chattel slavery and centering African epistemology and wisdom through what she calls heritage knowledge (intergenerational cultural memory) to rectify our research praxis.

REFERENCES
  1. Allen, A. (2017). Do we know who is really doing the planting? A case study of traditionally White institutions identified as top degree producers of Black engineering undergraduates [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Pittsburgh. .

  2. Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: New Press. .

  3. American Society for Engineering Education. (2020). Policy statement by the American Society for Engineering Education on the implications of the death of Mr. George Floyd. Accessed 21 Feb 2021. .

  4. Retrieved from https://www.asee.org/documents/about-us/news/Policy-Statement-on-the-Deathof-George-Floyd-June-2.pdf. .

  5. Amherst College. (n.d.). Race and ethnicity terms & definitions. Accessed 28 Feb 2021. Retrieved from https://www.amherst.edu/campuslife/our-community/multicultural-resource-center/terms-and-defini- tions. .

  6. Anderson, J. D. (2004). The historical context for understanding the test score gap. National Journal of Urban Education and Practice, 1(1), 1-21. .

  7. Anderson, L. (2017). Epistemic injustice and the philosophy of race. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of epistemic injustice (pp. 139-148). Routledge. .

  8. Atkins, A. (2019). Black lives matter or all lives matter? Color-blindness and epistemic injustice. Social Epistemology, 33(1), 1-22. .

  9. Baldwin, J. (1963). The fire next time. New York: Dial Press. .

  10. Baptist, E. E. (2016). The half has never been told: Slavery and the making of American capitalism. Basic Books. .

  11. Barus, C. (1987). Military influence on the electrical engineering curriculum since World War II. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 6(2), 3-9. .

  12. Beal, M., Borg, M. O., & Stranahan, H. A. (2019). The onus of student debt: Who is most impacted by the rising cost of higher education? International Research Journal of Applied Finance, 10(8), 219-231. .

  13. Bell, D. (2004). Silent covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the unfulfilled hopes for racial reform. Oxford University Press. .

  14. Blosser, E. (2020). An examination of Black women's experiences in undergraduate engineering on a primarily white campus: Considering institutional strategies for change. Journal of Engineering Education, 109(1), 52-71. .

  15. Dancy, T. E., Edwards, K. T., & Earl Davis, J. (2018). Historically white universities and plantation politics: Anti-Blackness and higher education in the Black Lives Matter era. Urban Education, 53(2), 176-195. .

  16. Darity Jr, W. A., & Mullen, A. K. (2020). From here to equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the twenty-first century. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press Books. .

  17. Degruy, J. (2005). Post traumatic slave syndrome: America's legacy of enduring injury and healing. Milwaukie, OR: Uptone Press. .

  18. Desmond, M. (2017). Housing. In "State of the Union: The Poverty and Inequality Report." Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality. Pathways Magazine, special issue, 16-19 .

  19. Douglas-Gabriel, D., & Wiggins, O. (2021). Hogan signs off on $577 million for Maryland's historically Black colleges and universities. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost. com/education/2021/03/24/maryland-hbcus-lawsuit-settlement/. .

  20. Dumas, M. J. (2014). 'Losing an arm': Schooling as a site of black suffering. Race Ethnicity and Education, 17(1), 1-29. DOI: 10.1080/13613324.2013.850412 .

  21. Eastman, M. G., Miles, M. L., & Yerrick, R. (2019). Exploring the White and male culture: Investigating individual perspectives of equity and privilege in engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 108(4), 459-480. .

  22. Fields, K. E., & Fields, B. J. (2014). Racecraft: The soul of inequality in American life. London: Verso. .

  23. Fletcher, T. L., Jefferson, J. P., Boyd, B. N., & Cross, K. J. (2021). Missed opportunity for diversity in engineering: Black women and undergraduate engineering degree attainment. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. DOI: 10.1177/1521025120986918 .

  24. Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press. .

  25. Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D., & Bound, J. (2006). "Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among Blacks and Whites in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 96(5), 826-833. .

  26. Gordon, B. M. (1990). The necessity of African-American epistemology for educational theory and practice. Journal of Education, 172(3), 88-106. DOI: 10.1177/002205749017200307 .

  27. Gunalan, K. N., Smith, T. W., III, & Pearson, Y. E. (n.d.). American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved from https://info.asce.org/unity. .

  28. Hacker, B. C. (1993). Engineering a new order: Military institutions, technical education, and the rise of the industrial state. Technology and Culture, 34(1), 1-27. .

  29. Harper, S. R. (2010). An anti-deficit achievement framework for research on students of color in STEM. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2010(148), 63-74. DOI: 10.1002/ir.362 .

  30. Harper, S. R. (2012). Race without racism: How higher education researchers minimize racist institutional norms. The Review of Higher Education, 36(1), 9-29. .

  31. Harris, A. (2021). The state must provide: Why America's colleges have always been unequal-and how to set them right. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. .

  32. Holly, J., Jr. (2021). Criticality is crucial: Fidelity in what we say and what we do. Studies in Engineering Education, 2(2), 46-53. DOI: 10.21061/see.78 .

  33. Hout, M. (2017). Employment. In "State of the Union: The Poverty and Inequality Report." Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality. Pathways Magazine, special issue, 5-8. .

  34. Intemann, K. (2009). Why diversity matters: Understanding and applying the diversity component of the national science foundation's broader impacts criterion. Social Epistemology, 23(3-4), 249-266. .

  35. Jackson, J. (2020). A callfor justice. A call for solidarity. National Society of Black Engineers. Accessed 21 Feb 2021. Retrieved from https://theeastbay100.com/national-society-of-black-engineers/ .

  36. Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the beginning: The definitive history of racist ideas in America. New York: Bold Type Books. .

  37. King, J. E. (2018). A call for a reparatory justice curriculum for human freedom: Rewriting the story of our dispossession and the debt owed. In J. E. King (Ed.), Heritage knowledge in the curriculum: Retrieving an African episteme (pp. 155-174). Routledge. .

  38. King, J. E., & Swartz, E. E. (2014). Remembering history in student and teacher learning: An Afrocentric culturally informed praxis. Routledge. .

  39. Latham, S. (2018). A history of innovation: Pioneering achievements of Black engineers. Link Engineering. Retrieved from https://www.linkengineering.org/Explore/LE_Blog/52515.aspx. .

  40. Lewis, A. E., Hagerman, M. A., & Forman, T. A. (2019). The sociology of race & racism: Key concepts, contributions & debates. Equity & Excellence in Education, 52(1), 29-46. DOI: 10.1080/10665684.2019.1627958 .

  41. London, J. S. (2014). The impact of national science foundation investments in undergraduate engineering education research: A comparative, mixed methods study (Publication No. 3687797) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. Open Access Dissertations. .

  42. London, J. S., & Borrego, M. J. (2017). Board # 90: Toward a shared meaning of the "impact" of engineering education research: Initial findings of a mixed methods study [Conference paper]. 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Columbus, OH, United States. .

  43. London, J. S., Lee, W. C., Phillips, C., Van Epps, A. S., & Watford, B. A. (2020). A systematic mapping of scholarship on broadening participation of African Americans in engineering and computer science. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 26(3), 199-243. .

  44. Mahoney, M. M. (2017). Moving toward an anti-deficit perspective: African American science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) students at Hispanic-serving institutions (HSI) [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. California State University. .

  45. Malcolm. TV interview; 1964. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/cReCQE8B5nY. .

  46. Malcom, S. M. (1996). Science and diversity: A compelling national interest. Science, 271(5257), 1817-1819. .

  47. Martini, D. P. (2020). National Society of Professional Engineers. Accessed 5 Mar 2021. Retrieved from https://www.nspe.org/sites/default/files/Social%20Unrest%20Statement.pdf .

  48. Mathieu, R. D., Pfund, C., & Gillian-Daniel, D. (2009). Leveraging the NSF broader-impacts criterion for change in STEM education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Education, 41(3), 50-55. .

  49. McGee, E. O. (2009). Race, identity, and resilience: Black college students negotiating success in mathematics and engineering (Publication No. 3364621) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations. .

  50. McGee, E. O. (2020). Black, brown, bruised: How racialized STEM education stifles innovation. Harvard Education Press. .

  51. McGee, E. O., & Martin, D. B. (2011). "You would not believe what I have to go through to prove my intellectual value!" Stereotype management among academically successful Black mathematics and engineering students. American Educational Research Journal, 48(6), 1347-1389. DOI: 10.3102/0002831211423972 .

  52. Mejia, J. A., Revelo, R. A., & Pawley, A. L. (2020). Thinking about racism in engineering education in new ways [Commentary]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 39(4), 18-27. .

  53. Mejia, J. A., Revelo, R. A., Villanueva, I., & Mejia, J. (2018). Critical theoretical frameworks in engineering education: An anti-deficit and liberative approach. Education Sciences, 8(4), 158. .

  54. Moore, J. L., Madison-Colmore, O., & Smith, D. M. (2003). The prove-them-wrong syndrome: Voices from unheard African-American males in engineering disciplines. The Journal of Men's Studies, 12(1), 61-73. DOI: 10.3149/jms.1201.61 .

  55. Moskowitz, P. (2017). How to kill a city: Gentrification, inequality, and the fightfor the neighborhood. New York, NY: Public Affairs. .

  56. National Academy of Engineering. (2004). The engineer of2020: Visions of engineering in the new century. The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/10999 .

  57. National Academy of Engineering. (2008). The offshoring of engineering: Facts, unknowns, and potential implications. The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/12067 .

  58. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. (2007). Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing America for a brighter economic future. The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/11463 .

  59. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. (2010). Rising above the gathering storm, revisited: Rapidly approaching category 5. The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/12999 .

  60. Newman, C. B., & Jackson, M. B. (2013). Collaborative partnerships in engineering between historically black colleges and universities and predominantly white institutions. In Fostering success of ethnic and racial minorities in STEM: The role of minority serving institutions (chapter 13, pp. 181-191). New York: Routledge. .

  61. Pece, C. (2019). Federal science and engineering obligations to academic institutions Increase 2%; support to HBCUs declines 17% (Report No. NSF 19-314). National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2019/nsf19314/nsf19314.pdf. .

  62. Reardon, S. F., & Fahle, E. M. (2017). Education. In "State of the union: The poverty and inequality report." Stanford center on poverty and inequality. Pathways Magazine, special issue, 20-23. .

  63. Rothstein, R. (2017). The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing. .

  64. Slaton, A. (2010). Race, rigor, and selectivity in U. S. Engineering: The history of an occupational color line. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. .

  65. Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers. (2020). SHPE denounces systemic racism, injustice, and the continuing murder of Black Americans [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.shpe.org/uploads/images/general/PDF/SHPE-Public-Statement-on-George-Floyd.pdf. .

  66. Society of Women Engineers. (2020). Taking a stand for diversity and inclusion. All Together. Retrieved from https://alltogether.swe.org/2020/05/swe-statement-on-diversity-and-inclusion/. .

  67. Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality. (2017). State of the union: The poverty and inequality report. Pathways Magazine, special issue. Retrieved from http://inequality.stanford.edu/publications/path-way/state-union-2017 .

  68. Tatum, B. D. (2003). "Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?": And other conversations about race. Basic Books. .

  69. Upton, R., & Tanenbaum, C. (2014). The role of historically Black colleges and universities as pathway providers: Institutional pathways to the STEM PhD. American Institutes for Research. .

  70. Warren, C. (2020). Colleges must take a new approach to systemic racism. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2020/06/09/defeat-systemic-racism-institutions-must-fully-integrate-truly-diverse-subject. .

  71. Wharton, D. E. (1992). A struggle worthy of note: The engineering and technological education of Black Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. .

  72. Wilder, C. S. (2013). Ebony and ivy: Race, slavery, and the troubled history of America's universities. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. .

Forthcoming Articles

Mitigating Barriers, Scaffolding Success: Institutional Supports for Black Undergraduate Women in Engineering Programs Meseret Hailu, Neelakshi Rajeev Tewari, Brooke Coley Underrepresented Students Pursuing Mathematics-Intensive Degrees: Changes after Transitioning to College Alison Marzocchi What do STEM Clubs do? The Effect of College Club Participation on Career Confidence and Gender Inclusion Guillermo Dominguez Garcia, Jennifer Glass Validating Practices and Messages that Promote Women’s Engineering Classroom Belongingness: An Intersectional Approach Dina Verdin, A Lili Castillo Examining the Role of Institutional Support on International Doctoral Women’s STEM Persistence and Mental Health Aisha Farra, Aashika Anantharaman, Sarah Swanson, Kerrie Wilkins-Yel, Jennifer Bekki, Nedim Yel, Ashley Randall, Bianca Bernstein Searching for safe space: Student veterans’ uneven pathways to STEM careers by race Brittany Hunt, Jae Hoon Lim Does Race, Ethnicity or Gender of the Mentor Affect Whether They Will be a “Good Mentor”? A Qualitative Analysis of Students’ Perceptions Reuben May, Christine Stanley, America Soto-Arzat, Jennifer Ackerman PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND TEAM MEMBER EFFECTIVENESS OF MINORITIZED STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION Behzad Beigpourian, Matthew Ohland Perceptions of Department Chair Roles and Responsibilities in Career Progression and Success of Women STEM Faculty Stephanie Jones, Patricia Ryan Pal “Barbed-Wire Boundaries”: Hidden Curriculum, First-Generation and Low-Income Engineering Students, and Internship Acquisition Jerry Yang, Joseph Towles, Sheri Sheppard, Sara Atwood “I Want to Make an Impact”: The Science Identity and Career Goals of Black and Latinx Science and Engineering Postdoctoral Scholars Sylvia Mendez, Kathryn Watson, Kathryn Starkey, Valerie Conley Care Work, Science Brokering, and Career Motivations: How Hispanic/Latinx Young Adults in STEM Express Social Agency during the COVID-19 Pandemic Angela Frederick, Angelica Monarrez, Danielle Morales Bridging the gap: A sequential mixed methods study of trust networks in graduate application, admissions, and enrollment Cynthia Villarreal, Julie Posselt, Theresa Hernandez, Alexander Rudolph
Begell Digital Portal Begell Digital Library eBooks Journals References & Proceedings Research Collections Prices and Subscription Policies Begell House Contact Us Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain