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Telecommunications and Radio Engineering

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ISSN Print: 0040-2508

ISSN Online: 1943-6009

SJR: 0.185 SNIP: 0.268 CiteScore™:: 1.5 H-Index: 22

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SMALL-SCALE MIMO ANTENNA WITH HIGH ISOLATION FOR 5G COMMUNICATION

Volume 83, Issue 5, 2024, pp. 43-55
DOI: 10.1615/TelecomRadEng.2024051913
Submitted: Dec 04 2023 Accepted: Feb 03 2024 Published online: Feb 14 2024
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Dilip Kumar Choudhary
School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
Tanweer Ali (Corresponding author tanweer.ali@manipal.edu)
Department of Electronics and Communication, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
Rajendra Prasad P.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560054, India
Roshan Zameer Ahmad
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore-560064, India

ABSTRACT

This manuscript describes two- and three-element small-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configurations for 5G communications ranging from 23.5 to 28.6 GHz. Modern device antennas have two essential features: isolation and a larger bandwidth. In this regard, firstly a single element antenna has been designed using quarter wavelength impedance transformer and semi-circular loaded patch along with defected ground structure. Furthermore, two single-element antennas are placed orthonormal to each other having quarter wavelength distance from the center of the single-element antenna. To increase the bandwidth and isolation, additionally a rectangular patch and strip isolate from ground. This structural change alters the current path, improving the impedance matching and isolation of the two-element MIMO antenna configuration. After that the three-element MIMO configuration was formed by placing two single-element antennas orthogonally at quarter wavelength from the center of the single-element antenna. The total size of two- and three-element MIMO antenna is 15 × 11 × 1.6 mm and 20 × 11 × 1.6 mm, respectively. The proposed MIMO antennas provide isolation of more than 21 dB and gain more than 25 dB throughout the working band. MIMO diversity features function reasonably well, with an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.002 and diversity gain of 10. Proposed antennas can be a good candidate for MIMO applications in the 5G communication frequency range 2 (FR2), 28 GHz bands.

Figures

  • FIG. 1: Suggested work development process
  • FIG. 2: Proposed source antenna’s design evolution: (a) Step 1 as reference model, (b) Step 2 as intermediate model, and (c) Step 3 as proposed single-element antenna
  • FIG. 3: Reflection coefficients of all iterations of antenna design
  • FIG. 4: Radiation pattern of proposed antenna at resonating frequency 26.1 GHz
  • FIG. 5: Proposed source antenna’s design evolution: (a) Step 4, (b) Step 5, and (c) Step 6 (proposed two-element MIMO)
  • FIG. 6: Scattering parameters of all three iterations of two-element MIMO design
  • FIG. 7: Performance of two-element MIMO antenna: (a) ECC of all three iterations of the twoelement MIMO configuration
  • FIG. 7: Performance of two-element MIMO antenna: (b) surface current distribution of proposed MIMO antenna at resonating frequency 25.7 GHz
  • FIG. 8: Geometrical configuration of three-element MIMO antenna (all parameters are revealed here in mm: L = 20.0, W = 11.0, ls = 7.5, ws = 0.9, lg = 6.0, wg = 3.5, wg1 = 1.75, l1 = 2.5, w1 = 0.5, d = 2.75, r = 2.0)
  • FIG. 9: Simulated scattering parameters of proposed three-element MIMO antenna: (a) reflection coefficient
  • FIG. 9: Simulated scattering parameters of proposed three-element MIMO antenna: (b) isolation
  • FIG. 10: Proposed three-element MIMO antenna: (a) envelope correlation coefficient and the diversity gain
  • FIG. 10: Proposed three-element MIMO antenna: (b) surface current distribution
  • FIG. 11: Parametric variation with respect to width of truncated ground plane wg1: (a) reflection coefficient
  • FIG. 11: Parametric variation with respect to width of truncated ground plane wg1: (b) isolation
  • FIG. 12: Parametric variation with respect to width of truncated strip line from ground plane ws: (a) reflection coefficient
  • FIG. 12: Parametric variation with respect to width of truncated strip line from ground plane ws: ( (b) isolation
  • FIG. 13: Total gain of proposed MIMO antennas
KEY WORDS: 5G communication, antenna, defected ground structure, multiple-input and multiple-output, isolation
REFERENCES

  1. Ahmad, A., Choi, D., and Ullah, S., A Compact Two Elements MIMO Antenna for 5G Communication, Sci. Rep., vol. 22, no. 12, Article ID 3608, 2022.

  2. Akhtar, M.W., Hassan, S.A., Ghaffar, R., Jung, H., Garg, S., and Hossain, M.S., The Shift to 6G Communications: Vision and Requirements, Human-Centric Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 10, no. 1, Article ID 53, 2020.

  3. Khalid, M., Iffat Naqvi, S., Hussain, N., Rahman, M., Fawad, Mirjavadi, S.S., Khan, M.J., and Amin, Y., 4-port MIMO Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications, Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1, Article ID 71, 2020.

  4. Li, M., Bing, G. Z., and Cheung, S.W., Isolation Enhancement for MIMO Patch Antennas Using Near-Field Resonators as Coupling-Mode Transducers, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, pp. 755-764, 2018.

  5. Ravi, K.C. and Kumar, J., Miniaturized Parasitic Loaded High-Isolation MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications, Sensors, vol. 22, no. 19, Article ID 7283, 2022.

  6. Sharawi, M.S., Iqbal, S.S., and Faouri, Y.S., An 800 MHz 2 x 1 Compact MIMO Antenna System for LTE Handsets, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 3128-3131, 2011.

  7. Sharawi, M.S., Podilchak, S.K., Hussain, M.T., and Antar, Y.M.M., Dielectric Resonator-Based MIMO Antenna System Enabling Millimetre-Wave Mobile Devices, IET Microwaves Antennas Propag., vol. 11, pp. 287-293, 2017.

  8. Usman, M., Kobal, E., Nasir, J., Zhu, Y., Yu, C., and Zhu, A., Compact SIW Fed Dual-Port Single Element Annular Slot MIMO Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 91995-92002, 2021.

  9. Wani, Z., Abegaonkar, M.P., and Koul, S.K., Millimeter-Wave Antenna with Wide-Scan Angle Radiation Characteristics for MIMO Applications, Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng., vol. 29, no. 5, Article ID e21564, 2019.

  10. Zhang, S., Chen, X., and Pedersen, G.F., Mutual Coupling Suppression with Decoupling Ground for Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technol., vol. 68, pp. 7273-7282, 2019.

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