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Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer
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NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN AN ENCLOSURE FILLED WITH Fe3O4 FERROFLUID UNDER STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELING

Volume 29, Issue 1, 2022, pp. 27-54
DOI: 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.2021040051
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Ali Ramezani Ahmadabadi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Masoud Rahimi
CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Neda Azimi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Ammar Abdulaziz Alsairafi
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Kuwait

ABSTRACT

This survey presents experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies on natural convection heat transfer of Fe3O4 ferrofluid in the presence of a static magnetic field. Natural heat transfer from the bottom surface of a rectangular enclosure with constant temperature to the cold liquid was investigated. The side walls were considered as heat insulation and their boundary condition was considered to be a wall with zero temperature gradient. The magnetic field intensity is controlled by adjusting magnet distance from the upper surface of the enclosure (d = 8-22 mm). The concentration of dispersed nanoparticles (φ) is another key parameter that had to be considered. The heat received from the bottom is controlled by adjusting temperature of bottom surface (Ts ) between 36° C and 46° C. Design of Experiments Software was used to evaluate the effects of the considered variables on the natural convection heat transfer. The Box-Behnken models based on ferrofluid bulk temperature (Tb ), and Nusselt number (Nu) were acquired in terms of variables. The results show that increasing the concentration of nanoparticles positively affects heat transfer rate while increasing the magnet distance from the system reduced this consequence. The Box-Behnken results introduced the optimal conditions for each model to achieve maximum response. The optimum values of the predicted responses are Tb = 43.56° C, and Nu = 1288.98 at φ = 1% wt. All values obtained for the answers under optimal conditions are only 0.1%-0.3% different from the predicted values, which indicates the high validity of the models. In addition, CFD results for Tb and Nu confirmed the experimental data with maximum relative error of 0.77% and 7.68%, respectively.

KEY WORDS: CFD, ferrofluid, natural convection, Nusselt number, Box-Behnken
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