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Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

年間 6 号発行

ISSN 印刷: 1040-8401

ISSN オンライン: 2162-6472

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MAIT Cells in COVID-19: Heroes, Villains, or Both?

巻 40, 発行 2, 2020, pp. 173-184
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2020034943
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要約

Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes with remarkable effector and immunoregulatory functions. They are abundant in the human peripheral blood and also enriched in mucosal layers and in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2's main ports of entry. Once activated, MAIT cells produce inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic effector molecules quickly and copiously. MAIT cells are best known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, they are also activated during viral infections, typically in a cytokine-dependent manner, which may promote antiviral immunity. On the other hand, it is plausible to assume active roles for MAIT cells in infection-provoked cytokine storms and tissue damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be asymptomatic, mild, severe, or even fatal, depending on sex, age, the presence of preexisting morbidities, and the individual's immunological competence, or lack thereof, among other factors. Based on the available literature, I propose that MAIT cells regulate the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and constitute attractive targets in the prevention or clinical management of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and some of its complications. Unlike mainstream T cells, MAIT cells are restricted by a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule called MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). Therefore, MR1 ligands should modify MAIT cell functions relatively uniformly in genetically diverse subjects and may be tested as immunotherapeutic agents or vaccine adjuvants in future studies.

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によって引用された
  1. De Sanctis Juan Bautista, García Alexis Hipólito, Moreno Dolores, Hajduch Marián, Coronavirus infection: An immunologists' perspective, Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 93, 6, 2021. Crossref

  2. Shi Jijing, Zhou Jianglin, Zhang Xiaochang, Hu Wei, Zhao Jin-Fang, Wang Shengqi, Wang Fu-Sheng, Zhang Ji-Yuan, Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 2021. Crossref

  3. Deschler Sebastian, Kager Juliane, Erber Johanna, Fricke Lisa, Koyumdzhieva Plamena, Georgieva Alexandra, Lahmer Tobias, Wiessner Johannes R., Voit Florian, Schneider Jochen, Horstmann Julia, Iakoubov Roman, Treiber Matthias, Winter Christof, Ruland Jürgen, Busch Dirk H., Knolle Percy A., Protzer Ulrike, Spinner Christoph D., Schmid Roland M., Quante Michael, Böttcher Katrin, Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients, Viruses, 13, 2, 2021. Crossref

  4. Malek Alexandre E, Cornejo Paulette Pinargote, Daoud Nour, Alam Mohammad, The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we know and what we don't, Immunotherapy, 14, 2, 2022. Crossref

  5. Sia Wan Rong, Zheng Yichao, Han Fei, Chen Shiwei, Ma Shaohua, Wang Lin-Fa, Leeansyah Edwin, Exploring the Role of Innate Lymphocytes in the Immune System of Bats and Virus-Host Interactions, Viruses, 14, 1, 2022. Crossref

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