要約

The bioactivities of crude protein extracts from three commercial culinary-medicinal mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and Hericium erinaceus, were compared in this study to determine the presence of new and effective anticancer and immunomodulatory agents in these mushroom species. F. velutipes was used as a reference mushroom for its fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP-fve), reported to exhibit potent mitogenic, cytotoxicity, and hemagglutination activities. The total yield of crude protein extracts obtained from F. velutipes, P. citrinopileatus, and H. erinaceus were 0.255, 0.501, and 0.369 mg/g of fresh fruiting bodies, respectively. SDS-PAGE profile analysis for protein bands having molecular weight in the range reported for the FIPs family revealed that F. velutipes and P. citrinopileatus crude protein extracts contained a distinct 13-kDa FIP-fve and a 15-kDa FIP from P. citrinopileatus (PCiP), respectively. However, faint 10- to 14-kDa protein bands were observed in crude extract from H. erinaceus. Crude protein extracts of F. velutipes, P. citrinopileatus, and H. erinaceus showed cytotoxicity on human cervical cancer HeLa cells at IC50 concentrations of 10.0, 21.6, and 31.2 μg/mL, respectively. The trypan blue exclusion assay further confirmed that protein extracts from F. velutipes and P. citrinopileatus, compared to H. erinaceus, showed significantly higher cytotoxicity on HeLa cells. Of the three species studied, only F. velutipes crude extract caused hemagglutination of human whole blood cells, possibly due to the FIP-fve. As there are no previous reports of cytotoxicity of these mushrooms on HeLa cells, our findings provided new insights into the presence of potential anticancer components in these mushrooms, which can be subsequently purified for further analysis and identification.