要約

We have determined the bioactive constituents in the higher Basidiomycetes edible mushrooms Pholiota nameko, Lentinus edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus using in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) inhibitory assays. Ethyl acetate extract of nameko was the most active against LPO, with an inhibition value of 81% at 250 μg/mL. Shiitake and oyster mushroom extracts inhibited LPO by 39% and 52%, respectively, at 250 μg/mL. In the COX assay, the ethyl acetate extracts of nameko, shiitake, and oyster mushrooms inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 39%, 34%, and 54% and 87%, 92%, and 75%, respectively, at 250 μg/mL. A bioassay-guided purification yielded linoleic acid (1), ergosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), and a glycosphingolipid (4) along with a glyceride fraction (GF), as confirmed by spectroscopic methods. All three mushrooms have shown the presence of compounds 1 and 3 as common constituents. Compound 2 was isolated from both nameko and shiitake mushrooms. Compound 4 was isolated from shiitake and oyster mushrooms. The GF obtained from oyster mushrooms inhibited LPO by 92% and COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 43% and 92%, respectively, at 25 μg/mL.