Publicou 8 edições por ano
ISSN Imprimir: 1065-5131
ISSN On-line: 1563-5074
Indexed in
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE THERMOHYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF WATER/ETHYLENE GLYCOL−BASED GRAPHITE NANOCOOLANT IN VEHICLE RADIATORS
RESUMO
Water/ethylene glycol (W/EG) mixture is a common heat transfer fluid in vehicle radiators that exhibits poor thermal performance. It can be substituted by nanocoolants (nanofluids as coolant) to enhance the overall heat transfer performance of radiators. However, addition of nanoparticles to enhance heat transport may be accompanied by a simultaneous increase in pumping power. In the present study, an experimental evaluation of thermohydraulic performance of graphite nanocoolant (W/EG-based graphite nanofluid as coolant) in vehicle radiators is carried out by utilizing an inhouse test rig. The thermal performance of the nanocoolant and the base fluid is compared at the same Reynolds numbers, coolant mass flow rates, and pumping power. The overall heat transfer coefficient is augmented with the use of a nanocoolant, while comparing with the same Reynolds number and coolant flow rate criteria. The enhancement is higher at lower air and coolant mass flow rates and gradually decreases as the flow rates increases. The same pumping power comparisons demonstrate that for low pumping power cases the overall heat transfer coefficient of the nanocoolant is higher than the base fluid, and the trend converses as the pumping power increases to higher values. The performance index, which indicates the net enhancement or diminution of thermal performance relative to the pumping power, is relatively more for graphite nanocoolant at lower coolant and air mass flow rates but diminishes in experiments with higher flow rates. This study shows that an analysis for finding the sweet spot is essential before applying graphite nanocoolant in vehicle radiators.
-
Ahuja, A.S., Augmentation of Heat Transport in Laminar Flow of Polystyrene Suspensions. I. Experiments and Results, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 3408-3416, 1975.
-
Akhavan-Zanjani, H., Saffar-Avval, M., Mansourkiaei, M., Sharif, F., and Ahadi, M., Experimental Investigation of Laminar Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Graphene-Water Nanofluid inside a Circular Tube, Int. J. Thermal Sci., vol. 100, pp. 316-323, 2016.
-
Azmi, W.H., Hamid, K.A., Mamat, R., Sharma, K.V., and Mohamad, M.S., Effects of Working Temperature on Thermo-Physical Properties and Forced Convection Heat Transfer of TiO2 Nanofluids in Water- Ethylene Glycol Mixture, Appl. Thermal Eng., vol. 106, pp. 1190-1199,2016.
-
Bergles, A.E. and Manglik, R.M., Current Progress and New Developments in Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 20, no. 1, 2013.
-
Berg, J.M., Romoser, A., Banerjee, N., Zebda, R., and Sayes, C.M., The Relationship between pH and Zeta Potential of ~ 30 Nm Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Suspensions Relevant to in Vitro Toxicological Evaluations, Nanotoxicology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 276-283, 2009.
-
Bianco, V, Marchitto, A., Scarpa, F., and Tagliafico, L.A., Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Developing Forced Laminar Convection Flow of Al2O3 -Water Nanofluid in a Two-Dimensional Rectangular Section Channel, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 25, nos. 4-5,2018.
-
Choi, S.U. and Eastman, J.A., Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, Argonne National Lab., IL, Rep. ANL/MSD/CP-84938; CONF-951135-29,1995.
-
Chougule, S.S. and Sahu, S.K., Thermal Performance of Automobile Radiator Using Carbon Nanotube- Water Nanofluid-Experimental Study, J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl., vol. 6, no. 4, p. 041009, 2014.
-
Das, S.K., Putra, N., Thiesen, P, and Roetzel, W., Temperature Dependence of Thermal Conductivity Enhancement for Nanofluids, J. Heat Transf, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 567-574, 2003.
-
Eastman, J.A., Choi, S.U.S., Li, S., Yu, W., and Thompson, L.J., Anomalously Increased Effective Thermal Conductivities of Ethylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids Containing Copper Nanoparticles, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 718-720, 2001.
-
Heris, S.Z., Esfahany, M.N., and Etemad, G., Investigation of CuO/Water Nanofluid Laminar Convective Heat Transfer through a Circular Tube, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 13, no. 4, 2006.
-
Huang, J., Wang, X., Long, Q., Wen, X., Zhou, Y., and Li, L., Influence of pH on the Stability Characteristics of Nanofluids, in Proc. IEEE: Int. Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO), Wuhan, China, pp. 1-4, 2009.
-
Hussein, A.M., Bakar, R.A., and Kadirgama, K., Study of Forced Convection Nanofluid Heat Transfer in the Automotive Cooling System, Case Studies Thermal Eng., vol. 2, pp. 50-61, 2014.
-
Lee, J.H., Hwang, K.S., Jang, S.P, Lee, B.H., Kim, J.H., Choi, S.U., and Choi, C.J., Effective Viscosities and Thermal Conductivities of Aqueous Nanofluids Containing Low Volume Concentrations of Al2O3 Nanoparticles, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 51, nos. 11-12, pp. 2651-2656, 2008.
-
Leong, K.Y., Saidur, R., Kazi, S.N., and Mamun, A.H., Performance Investigation of an Automotive Car Radiator Operated with Nanofluid-Based Coolants (Nanofluid as a Coolant in a Radiator), Appl. Thermal Eng., vol. 30, no. 17, pp. 2685-2692, 2010.
-
Liao, L., Liu, Z., and Bao, R., Forced Convective Flow Drag and Heat Transfer Characteristics of CuO Nanoparticle Suspensions and Nanofluids in a Small Tube, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 17, no. 1, 2010.
-
Li, Q., Xuan, Y, and Wang, J., Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids, J. Heat Transf., vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 151-155, 2003.
-
Liu, K.V., Choi, U.S., and Kasza, K.E., Measurements of Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Turbulent Pipe Flows of Particulate Slurries, Argonne National Lab., IL, Rep. ANL-88-15,1988.
-
Lv, J., Zhou, L., Bai, M., Liu, J.W., and Xu, Z., Numerical Simulation of the Improvement to the Heat Transfer within the Internal Combustion Engine by the Application of Nanofluids, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 17, no. 1, 2010.
-
Meyer, J.P., Adio, S.A., Sharifpur, M., and Nwosu, P.N., The Viscosity of Nanofluids: A Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Numerical Models, Heat Transf. Eng., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 387-421, 2016.
-
M'hamed, B., Sidik, N.A.C., Akhbar, M.F.A., Mamat, R., and Najafi, G., Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of MWCNT Nanocoolant in Peroduakelisa 1000cc Radiator System, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 76, pp. 156-161, 2016.
-
Nieh, H.M., Teng, T.P., and Yu, C.C., Enhanced Heat Dissipation of a Radiator Using Oxide Nano-Coolant, Int. J. ThermalSci., vol. 77, pp. 252-261, 2014.
-
Oliet, C., Oliva, A., Castro, J., and Perez-Segarra, C.D., Parametric Studies on Automotive Radiators, Appl. ThermalEng., vol. 27, nos. 11-12, pp. 2033-2043, 2007.
-
Pak, B.C. and Cho, Y.I., Hydrodynamic and Heat Transfer Study of Dispersed Fluids with Submicron Metallic Oxide Particles, Exper. Heat Transf. Int. J., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 151-170,1998.
-
Peyghambarzadeh, S.M., Hashemabadi, S.H., Jamnani, M.S., and Hoseini, S.M., Improving the Cooling Performance of Automobile Radiator with Al2O3/Water Nanofluid, Appl. Thermal Eng., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1833-1838,2011.
-
Peyghambarzadeh, S.M., Hashemabadi, S.H., Naraki, M., and Vermahmoudi, Y., Experimental Study of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Application of Dilute Nanofluids in the Car Radiator, Appl. ThermalEng., vol. 52, no.1, pp. 8-16, 2013.
-
Sandhu, H., Gangacharyulu, D., and Singh, M.K., Experimental Investigations on the Cooling Performance of Microchannels Using Alumina Nanofluids with Different Base Fluids, J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 25, no. 3,2018.
-
Selvam, C., Lal, D.M., and Harish, S., Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance of an Automobile Radiator with Graphene-Based Suspensions, Appl. Thermal Eng., vol. 123, pp. 50-60,2017.
-
Shah, R.K. and Sekulic, D.P., Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.
-
Suganthi, K.S. and Rajan, K.S., Temperature-Induced Changes in ZnO-Water Nanofluid: Zeta Potential, Size Distribution and Viscosity Profiles, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 55, nos. 25-26, pp. 7969-7980, 2012.
-
Teng, T.P and Yu, C.C., Heat Dissipation Performance of MWCNTs Nano-Coolant for Vehicle, Exper. Thermal Fluid Sci., vol. 49, pp. 22-30, 2013.
-
Utomo, A.T., Haghighi, E.B., Zavareh, A.I., Ghanbarpourgeravi, M., Poth, H., Khodabandeh, R., Palm, B., and Pacek, A.W., The Effect of Nanoparticles on Laminar Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 69, pp. 77-91, 2014.
-
Vajjha, R.S., Das, D.K., and Kulkarni, D.P., Development ofNew Correlations for Convective Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in Turbulent Regime for Nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 4607-4618,2010.
-
Venkateshan, S.P., Mechanical Measurements, 2nd ed., West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2015.
-
Walvekar, R., Siddiqui, M.K., Ong, S., and Ismail, A.F., Application of CNT Nanofluids in a Turbulent Flow Heat Exchanger, J. Exper. Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2016.
-
Wen, D. and Ding, Y., Experimental Investigation into Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids at the Entrance Region under Laminar Flow Conditions, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 47, no. 24, pp. 5181-5188, 2004.
-
Xuan, Y. and Li, Q., Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 58-64, 2000.
-
Yang, Y, Zhang, Z.G., Grulke, E.A., Anderson, W.B., and Wu, G., Heat Transfer Properties of Nanoparticle-in-Fluid Dispersions (Nanofluids) in Laminar Flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 48, no. 6,pp. 1107-1116,2005.
-
Zuccaro, L., Krieg, J., Desideri, A., Kern, K., and Balasubramanian, K., Tuning the Isoelectric Point of Graphene by Electrochemical Functionalization, Sci. Rep., vol. 5, p. 11794, 2015.
-
Mariani Luigi, Di Bartolomeo Marco, Di Battista Davide, Cipollone Roberto, Fremondi Fabrizio, Roveglia Riccardo, Experimental and numerical analyses to improve the design of engine coolant pumps, E3S Web of Conferences, 197, 2020. Crossref
-
Okonkwo Eric C., Wole-Osho Ifeoluwa, Almanassra Ismail W., Abdullatif Yasser M., Al-Ansari Tareq, An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 145, 6, 2021. Crossref
-
Sofiah A.G.N., Samykano M., Pandey A.K., Kadirgama K., Sharma Kamal, Saidur R., Immense impact from small particles: Review on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 48, 2021. Crossref
-
Sandhya Madderla, Ramasamy D., Sudhakar K., Kadirgama K., Samykano M., Harun W.S.W., Najafi G., Mofijur M., Mazlan Mohamed, A systematic review on graphene-based nanofluids application in renewable energy systems: Preparation, characterization, and thermophysical properties, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 44, 2021. Crossref