Publicou 12 edições por ano
ISSN Imprimir: 1044-5110
ISSN On-line: 1936-2684
Indexed in
TIME-AVERAGED SPRAY ANALYSIS IN THE NEAR-FIELD REGION USING BROADBAND AND NARROWBAND X-RAY MEASUREMENTS
RESUMO
The characterization of a spray in the near-field region is challenging because of its high optical density in this region. X-ray based techniques, with weak scatter and strong penetration properties, can provide better characterization than optical assessment techniques in this region. In this work, the effects of various operating parameters on the optical depth (defined as the accumulated liquid thickness in the beam path times the X-ray attenuation coefficient) and spray profile of an atomizing spray in the near-field region are evaluated based on time-averaged X-ray analysis techniques. Controlling parameters in the spray structure include swirl ratio, liquid phase Reynolds number, and gas phase Reynolds number. Data from the broadband X-ray radiographs obtained using a tube source at Iowa State University and from focused beam measurements at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory are compared. The X-ray tube source at Iowa State University was operated at two different energy levels, which reveals that the X-ray tube source energy influenced the magnitude of the optical depth but did not change the shape of the distribution. For the no swirl condition, gas flow rate and liquid flow rate had opposite effects on the spray profile, where the spray widens as the gas flow rate increases and narrows as the liquid flow rate increases. As the swirl ratio increases from 0 to 1, the spray widens and then narrows. The critical swirl ratio at which the spray reaches its widest spread differs at different flow conditions.
-
Ali, K. and Bilal, S., Surface Tensions and Thermodynamic Parameters of Surface Formation of Aqueous Salt Solutions: III. Aqueous Solution of KCl, KBr, and KI, Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 337,nos. 1-3,pp. 194-199,2009.
-
Boas, F.E. and Fleischmann, D., CT Artifacts: Causes and Reduction Techniques, Imaging Med, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 229-240,2012.
-
Bothell, J.K., Li, D., Morgan, T.B., Heindel, T. J., Aliseda, A., Machicoane, N., and Kastengren, A.L., Characterizing the Near-Field Region of a Spray Using White Beam and Focus Beam X-Ray Measurements, ICLASS 2018, 14th Triennial Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chicago, IL, 2018.
-
Bothell, J.K., Machicoane, N., Li, D., Morgan, T.B., Aliseda, A., Kastengren, A.L., and Heindel, T.J., Experimental Techniques for the Near-Field Spray Region, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 2019 (in review).
-
Faeth, G.M., Structure and Atomization Properties of Dense Turbulent Sprays, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1345-1352,1991.
-
Halls, B.R., Heindel, T.J., Kastengren, A.L., and Meyer, T.R., Evaluation of X-Ray Sources for Quantitative Two- and Three-Dimensional Imaging of Liquid Mass Distribution in Atomizing Sprays, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 59, pp. 113-120,2014a.
-
Halls, B.R., Heindel, T.J., Meyer, T.R., and Kastengren, A.L., X-Ray Spray Diagnostics: Comparing Sources and Techniques, 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA 2012-1055, Nashville, TN, 2012.
-
Halls, B.R., Morgan, T.B., Heindel, T.J., Meyer, T.R., and Kastengren, A.L., High-Speed Radiographic Spray Imaging with a Broadband Tube Source, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition 2014, National Harbor, MD, 2014b.
-
Heindel, T.J., A Review of X-Ray Flow Visualization with Applications to Multiphase Flows, J. Fluids Eng., vol. 133, no. 7, p. 074001,2011.
-
Heindel, T.J., X-Ray Imaging Techniques to Quantify Spray Characteristics in the near Field, Atomization Sprays, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1029-1059,2018.
-
Heindel, T. J., Gray, J.N., and Jensen, T.C., An X-Ray System for Visualizing Fluid Flows, Flow Measure. Instrument., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 67-78,2008.
-
Hopfinger, E.J. andLasheras, J.C., Explosive Breakup of a Liquid Jet by a Swirling Coaxial Gas Jet, Phys. Fluids, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1696-1698,1996.
-
Hsieh, J., Computed Tomography: Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advances, Bellingham, WA: SPIE Press, 2003.
-
Huck, P.D., Machicoane, N., Osuna-Orozco, R., and Aliseda, A., Experimental Characterization of a Canonical Two-Fluid Coaxial Atomizer, ICLASS 2018, 14th Triennial Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chicago, IL, 2018.
-
Kastengren, A.L. and Powell, C.F., Synchrotron X-Ray Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Experiments Fluids, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 1686,2014a.
-
Kastengren, A.L., Powell, C.F., Arms, D., Dufresne, E.M., Gibson, H., and Wang, J., The 7BM Beamline at the APS: A Facility for Time-Resolved Fluid Dynamics Measurements, J. Synchrotron Rad., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 654-657,2012.
-
Kastengren, A.L., Powell, C.F., Wang, Y., Im, K.S., and Wang, J., X-Ray Radiography Measurements of Diesel Spray Structure at Engine-Like Ambient Density, Atomization Sprays, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1031-1044, 2009.
-
Kastengren, A.L., Tilocco, F.Z., Duke, D., Powell, C.F., Zhang, X., and Moon, S., Time-Resolved X-Ray Radiography of Sprays from Engine Combustion Network Spray a Diesel Injector, Atomization Sprays, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 251-272,2014b.
-
Kingston, T.A., Morgan, T.B., Geick, T.A., Robinson, T.R., and Heindel, T.J., A Cone-Beam Compensated Back-Projection Algorithm for X-Ray Particle Tracking Velocimetry, Flow Measure. Instrument., vol. 39, pp. 64-75,2014.
-
Li, D., Bothell, J.K., Morgan, T.B., Heindel, T.J., Aliseda, A., Machicoane, N., and Kastengren, A.L., Quantitative Analysis of an Airblast Atomizer in the near-Field Region Using Broadband and Narrowband X-Ray Measurements, ICLASS 2018, 14th Triennial Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chicago, IL, 2018.
-
Machicoane, N., Bothell, J.K., Li, D., Morgan, T.B., Heindel, T.J., Kastengren, A.L., and Aliseda, A., Synchrotron Radiography Characterization of the Liquid Core Dynamics in a Canonical Two-Fluid Coaxial Atomizer, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 115, pp. 1-8,2019.
-
MacPhee, A.G., Tate, M.W., Powell, C.F., Yue, Y., Renzi, M.J., Ercan, A., Narayanan, S., Fontes, E., Walther, J., Schaller, J., and Gruner, S.M., X-Ray Imaging of Shock Waves Generated by High-Pressure Fuel Sprays, Science, vol. 295, no. 5558, pp. 1261-1263,2002.
-
Matusik, K.E., Sforzo, B.A., Seong, H.J., Duke, D.J., Kastengren, A.L., Ilavsky, J., and Powell, C.F., X-Ray Measurements of Fuel Spray Specific Surface Area and Sauter Mean Diameter for Cavitating and Non-Cavitating Diesel Sprays, ICLASS 2018, 14th Triennial Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chicago, IL, 2018.
-
Mishra, D.P., Planar-Laser-Influenced Fluorescence Method, in Experimental Combustion: An Introduction, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 300-306,2014.
-
Pedrotti, F.L., Pedrotti, L.S., and Pedrotti, L.M., Introduction to Optics, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
-
Powell, C.F., Yue, Y., Poola, R., and Wang, J., Time-Resolved Measurements of Supersonic Fuel Sprays Using Synchrotron X-Rays, J. Synchrotron Rad., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 356-360,2000.
-
Pukelsheim F., The Three Sigma Rule, American Statistician, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 88-91,1994.
-
Radke, C.D., Heindel, T. J., and Meyer, T.R., Effect of Injector Exit Geometry on Atomization of a Liquid-Liquid Double Swirl Coaxial Injector Using Non-Invasive Laser, Optical, and X-Ray Techniques, 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conf, Cleveland, OH, 2014.
-
Som, S., and Aggarwal, S.K., Effects of Primary Breakup Modelling on Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines, Combust. Flame, vol. 157,no. 6,pp. 1179-1193,2010.
-
University of Washington, A Canonical Two-Fluid Coaxial Atomizer, Multiphase & Cardiovascular Flow Lab, accessed 2016, from http://depts.washington.edu/fluidlab/nozzle.shtml, 2011.
-
Yue, Y., Powell, C.F., Poola, R., Wang, J., and Schaller, J.K., Quantitative Measurements of Diesel Fuel Spray Characteristics in the Near-Nozzle Region Using X-Ray Absorption, Atomization Sprays, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 471-490,2001.
-
Bothell Julie K., Machicoane Nathanael, Li Danyu, Morgan Timothy B., Aliseda Alberto, Kastengren Alan L., Heindel Theodore J., Comparison of X-ray and optical measurements in the near-field of an optically dense coaxial air-assisted atomizer, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 125, 2020. Crossref
-
Machicoane Nathanael, Ricard Guillaume, Osuna-Orozco Rodrigo, Huck Peter Dearborn, Aliseda Alberto, Influence of steady and oscillating swirl on the near-field spray characteristics in a two-fluid coaxial atomizer, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 129, 2020. Crossref
-
Aliseda Alberto, Heindel Theodore J., X-Ray Flow Visualization in Multiphase Flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 53, 1, 2021. Crossref
-
Burtnett Thomas J., Morgan Timothy B., Dahlstrom Timothy C. , Heindel Theodore J., NEAR-FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF A COAXIAL AIRBLAST ATOMIZER UNDER ELEVATED AMBIENT PRESSURE , Atomization and Sprays, 32, 9, 2022. Crossref