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Computational Thermal Sciences: An International Journal

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ISSN Печать: 1940-2503

ISSN Онлайн: 1940-2554

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT COOLING BY FILM BOILING HEAT TRANSFER OF A SPHERE WITH INTERNAL GENERATION

Том 14, Выпуск 1, 2022, pp. 1-17
DOI: 10.1615/ComputThermalScien.2021034431
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Краткое описание

This article describes a numerical cooling analysis of pebble bed reactor (PBR) fuel pebbles, after an emergency scenario in which the nucleus disassembly is made and the pebbles are dropped into a water pool, transmitting heat by film boiling. Previously developed validation tests compared the numerical results with different experimental works available for three different geometries, which allowed the selection of numerical models and schemes with better precision and lower computational cost. The defined numerical methodology was applied for the numerical simulation of film boiling around a PBR fuel pebble. The results show that despite its decay heat, cooling occurs, with pebble surface temperature descending from an oscillatory manner, due to the instability of the vapor film. However, the temperature of this surface has a good uniformity, noting that the best and worst refrigerated area is located at the top of the pebble. The formation of multiple vapor domes at different circumferential positions is observed, which cause the hottest area of the surface to be located where biggest vapor domes were formed. The separation between vapor domes was consistent with the hydrodynamic theory, with the addition that the separation is reduced as the vapor dome evolves and grows, due to the surface curvature.

Figures

  • Different simulated geometries in the validation tests (axisymmetry was defined on the left side of each domain)
  • Comparison of vapor–liquid interface reported by Liu and Theofanous (1996) and captured in simulations for similar
surface temperatures (left), and waves present around sphere in the experimental work of Agaltsov and Fedoseenko (2012) and
simulations (right)
  • Behavior of convective heat flux with surface temperature according to simulations and correlations
  • Behavior of total (convective + radiative) heat flux with surface temperature according to simulations and experiments
  • Comparison of images from simulations with photographs from experiments of Yamada (2007) (a), (b), Momoki et al.
(2009) (c), (d), Shigechi et al. (2013) (e), and Yamada et al. (2009) (f)
  • Behavior of heat flux with surface temperature according to simulations, experimental data and correlations for the cylinder
with flat ends (left) and hemispherical ends (right)
  • Geometric model for film boiling simulation around a PBR fuel pebble
  • Grid used for simulation of film boiling around a PBR
fuel pebble
  • Detail of grid used for simulation of
film boiling around a PBR fuel pebble
  • Comparison of evolution of the average graphite surface temperature with three meshes with different refinements near
the fuel pebble surface
  • Evolution of the total heat flux from the pebble surface to the water during the first 0.4 s of simulation with grid C
  • Evolution of the liquid–vapor interface during the formation of the first vapor dome between 0.02 and 0.07 s, 0.01 s
intervals
  • Formation of various vapor domes in different circumferential positions in the fuel pebble for simulation time of 0.46 s
  • Angular separation between the sites of formation of vapor domes for two different times during simulation
  • Variation of angular separation between vapor domes for times of 0.166, 0.176, and 0.188 seconds (left to right)
  • Cooling curves of graphite surface and fuel–graphite interface during the first 4 s of fuel pebble cooling
  • Temperature contours (K) inside the fuel pebble for simulation times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 s
  • Temperature distribution on the graphite surface for simulations times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 s
  • Temperature distribution on the fuel-graphite interface for simulations times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 s
  • Temperature variation inside the fuel pebble as a function of time in the radial direction of higher temperature gradient
Ключевые слова: film boiling, transient cooling, sphere, internal generation
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