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ISSN Печать: 1044-5110
ISSN Онлайн: 1936-2684
Indexed in
X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF CAVITATING NOZZLE FLOW
Краткое описание
Cavitation plays an important role in the formation of sprays from small nozzles such as those found in fuel injection systems. However, cavitation occurs over very short time and length scales, and is difficult to measure in situ. Precise experimental measurements of cavitation vapor distributions in three-dimensional nozzle geometries are valuable tools for the improvement and validation of numerical simulations. The primary quantity of interest is void fraction or local density, which is difficult to measure using visible light diagnostics. X-rays have been used to make precise measurements of the projected mass distribution of sprays, and these same techniques can be extended to cavitating flows. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of an x-ray radiography experiment on a model nozzle of 500 µm diameter. The advantages of a focused x-ray raster scanning method over traditional flat-field x-ray imaging are demonstrated. The raster scan radiography experiments achieve a spatial resolution of 5 µm and a temporal resolution of 3.6 µs. The vapor distributions are found to be very steady; time-resolved measurements indicate that rms fluctuations are not more than 1% of the mean. The spectral content of cavitation is concentrated at small Strouhal numbers on the order of 0.001 to 0.1, suggesting a steady cavitation inception and mixing process without any large-scale fluctuations. Substantial void regions at the nozzle centerline where cavitation is not expected to occur have been investigated, and may be due to dissolved gas in the fuel coming out of solution as the static pressure drops. We propose that dissolved gas is an important variable to consider in fuel spray experiments.
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Duke Daniel J., Kastengren Alan L., Mason-Smith Nicholas, Chen Yang, Young Paul M., Traini Daniela, Lewis David, Edgington-Mitchell Daniel, Honnery Damon, Temporally and Spatially Resolved x-ray Fluorescence Measurements of in-situ Drug Concentration in Metered-Dose Inhaler Sprays, Pharmaceutical Research, 33, 4, 2016. Crossref
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Duke Daniel J, Swantek Andrew B, Kastengren Alan L, Powell Christopher F, X-ray Diagnostics for Cavitating Nozzle Flow, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 656, 2015. Crossref
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Duke Daniel, Swantek Andrew, Tilocco Zak, Kastengren Alan, Fezzaa Kamel, Neroorkar Kshitij, Moulai Maryam, Powell Christopher, Schmidt David, X-ray Imaging of Cavitation in Diesel Injectors, SAE International Journal of Engines, 7, 2, 2014. Crossref
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Duke Daniel J., Swantek Andrew B., Sovis Nicolas M., Tilocco F. Zak, Powell Christopher F., Kastengren Alan L., Gürsoy Doğa, Biçer Tekin, Time-resolved X-ray Tomography of Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays, SAE International Journal of Engines, 9, 1, 2015. Crossref
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Duke Daniel J., Kastengren Alan L., Swantek Andrew B., Matusik Katarzyna E., Powell Christopher F., X-ray fluorescence measurements of dissolved gas and cavitation, Experiments in Fluids, 57, 10, 2016. Crossref
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Kastengren Alan, Duke Daniel, Swantek Andrew, Sevik James, Matusik Katarzyna, Wallner Thomas, Powell Christopher F., Time-Resolved X-Ray Radiography of Spark Ignition Plasma, SAE International Journal of Engines, 9, 2, 2016. Crossref
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Duke Daniel J, Matusik Katarzyna E, Kastengren Alan L, Swantek Andrew B, Sovis Nicholas, Payri Raul, Viera Juan P, Powell Christopher F, X-ray radiography of cavitation in a beryllium alloy nozzle, International Journal of Engine Research, 18, 1-2, 2017. Crossref
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Li Buxuan, Gu Youwei, Chen Min, An experimental study on the cavitation of water with dissolved gases, Experiments in Fluids, 58, 12, 2017. Crossref
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Halls B.R., Gord J.R., Schultz L.E., Slowman W.C., Lightfoot M.D.A., Roy S., Meyer T.R., Quantitative 10–50 kHz X-ray radiography of liquid spray distributions using a rotating-anode tube source, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 109, 2018. Crossref
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Naseri Homa, Koukouvinis Phoevos, Malgarinos Ilias, Gavaises Manolis, On viscoelastic cavitating flows: A numerical study, Physics of Fluids, 30, 3, 2018. Crossref
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Duke Daniel J., Kastengren Alan L., Matusik Katarzyna E., Powell Christopher F., Hard X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of high pressure cavitating fluids in aluminum nozzles, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 108, 2018. Crossref
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Karathanassis I. K., Trickett K., Koukouvinis P., Wang J., Barbour R., Gavaises M., Illustrating the effect of viscoelastic additives on cavitation and turbulence with X-ray imaging, Scientific Reports, 8, 1, 2018. Crossref
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Allocca Luigi, Bartolucci Lorenzo, Cordiner Stefano, Lazzaro Maurizio, Montanaro Alessandro, Mulone Vincenzo, Rocco Vittorio, ECN Spray G Injector: Assessment of Numerical Modeling Accuracy, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2018. Crossref
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Karathanassis Ioannis K., Koukouvinis Foivos (Phoevos), Gavaises Manolis, Multiphase Phenomena in Diesel Fuel Injection Systems, in Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines, 2020. Crossref
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Guo Hengjie, Torelli Roberto, Bautista Rodriguez Abian, Tekawade Aniket, Sforzo Brandon, Powell Christopher, Som Sibendu, Internal Nozzle Flow Simulations of the ECN Spray C Injector under Realistic Operating Conditions, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2020. Crossref
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Habchi Chaouki, Real-fluid phase transition in cavitation modeling considering dissolved non-condensable gas, Physics of Fluids, 32, 3, 2020. Crossref
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Kim Byunggyun, Ro Seungcheon, Park Suhan, Kim Young-Bae, Choi Byungchul, Jung Seunghun, Lee Dong-Weon, Study on Cavitating Flow Inside Orifice and Spray Angle Near Nozzle Tip According to the Position of Needle Using Enlarged Transparent Acrylic Nozzle, International Journal of Automotive Technology, 22, 1, 2021. Crossref
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Sykes Dan, Stetsyuk Viacheslav, Turner Jack, de Sercey Guillaume, Gold Martin, Pearson Richard, Crua Cyril, A phenomenological model for near-nozzle fluid processes: Identification and qualitative characterisations, Fuel, 310, 2022. Crossref
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Karathanassis I. K., Heidari-Koochi M., Zhang Q., Hwang J., Koukouvinis P., Wang J., Gavaises M., X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows, Physics of Fluids, 33, 3, 2021. Crossref
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Heidari-Koochi Milad, Karathanassis Ioannis K., Gavaises Manolis, X-ray Measurement Techniques Used for Wall-Bounded Cavitating Flows, in Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, 2021. Crossref
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Milan Petro Junior, Mondal Sudeepta, Torelli Roberto, Lusch Bethany, Maulik Romit, Magnotti Gina M., Data-Driven Modeling of Large-Eddy Simulations for Fuel Injector Design, AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum, 2021. Crossref
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Mishra Rohit, Jiwani Daniel, Jarrahbashi Dorrin, Three-component multi-fluid modeling of pseudo-cavitation phenomenon in diesel injector nozzles, International Journal of Engine Research, 23, 4, 2022. Crossref
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Pratama Raditya Hendra, Huang Weidi, Moon Seoksu, Wang Jin, Murayama Kei, Taniguchi Hiroyoshi, Arima Toshiyuki, Sasaki Yuzuru, Arioka Akira, Hydraulic flip in a gasoline direct injection injector and its effect on injected spray, Fuel, 310, 2022. Crossref