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Catalysis in Green Chemistry and Engineering

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ISSN Печать: 2572-9896

ISSN Онлайн: 2572-990X

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ALKYLATION OF PHENOL USING TERT-BUTANOL OVER MODIFIED CLAY CATALYSTS

Том 6, Выпуск 1, 2023, pp. 47-59
DOI: 10.1615/CatalGreenChemEng.2022044925
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Краткое описание

Fe-bentonite is used as a catalyst for the alkylation of phenol using tert-butanol. Bentonite was modified by loading with the known concentrations of Fe/Zn/Zr. Series of catalysts such as Fe-bentonite, Zn-bentonite and Zr-bentonite were prepared by ion-exchange method and were used for the synthesis of p-tert-butylphenol (PTBP) by alkylation of phenol with tert-butylalcohol (TBA) in a batch process. Fe-bentonite was found to be an excellent catalyst with 100% TBA conversion and 81% selectivity for PTBP at 80°C. All the catalysts have been analyzed by different characterization methods, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and BET. The effect of various parameters like catalyst screening, reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of the reagents have been tested to obtain the best conversion and selectivity for the desired product.

Figures

  • Effect of reaction time on the conversion and selectivity. Conditions: phenol:TBA ratio: 10:1 mol; catalyst loading: 0.25 g
  • Effect of reaction temperature on th conversion and selectivity. Conditions: phenol:TBA ratio: 10:1 mol; catalyst loading: 0.25 g; time: 60 min.
  • Effect of molar ratio of phenol to TBA on the conversion and selectivity. Conditions: *temperature: 80C, time: 60 min; Catalyst: Fe-bentonite
  • Catalyst reusability. Conditions: phenol:TBA ratio: 10:1 mol; time: 60 min; catalyst loading: 0.25 g (1st cycle) temperature:
80C
  • SEM micrographs (a) Bentonite; (b) Fe-bentonite; (c) Zn-bentonite; (d) Zr-bentonite; (e) K10; (f) Fe-K 10
  • X-ray diffraction analysis
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra
  • TEM images of (a) Fe-bentonite; (b) magnified image of Fe-bentonite
  • Time vs. ln (CA/CA0) at different temperatures
  • Arrhenius plot
  • Reaction scheme for the preparation of PTBP
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